48 CINCHONA BARKS. 
a long time the name of Cixchona (China) coronalts, which is still 
retained in the English “Brown Bark,” Ger., Konigschina, while 
the adjective regz#s or regia has been transferred to Calisaya. To 
obtain this original Brown Cinchona, at the time of Humboldt’s 
residence in South America, very young trees were stripped, of 
which from 800 to 900 were required in order to furnish the 
small amount of 110 hundred-weight of bark, which the Court 
required, 
This entire class of the predominatingly brown South American 
barks comprised several sorts, the discrimination of which reposes 
upon such external characteristics as deprive them of exact scien- 
tific definition. 
The circle of the officinal Cinchona barks was confined there- 
with, on the one hand, to the medium or younger quills of a few 
species, in that, for the accustomed sorts, as above shown, in the 
course of time the same Cinchonas were not always collected, 
and on the other hand to the red-trunk barks and the bast-plates 
of Calisaya. 
All the remaining sorts which occur in commerce, of which here 
also mention is occasionally made, and still others, are of interest 
only for their applications in chemical industry, and not for phar- 
macy. 
The plantations of the Cinchonas in India, Jamacia and other 
districts furnish meanwhile mostly still younger barks, in which 
very decided peculiarities are wanting. At the present day more 
importance must be attached to the determination of the amount 
of alkaloid of these barks than to their external appearance. 
SECTION X. 
THE SO-CALLED SPURIOUS CINCHONA BARKS. 
Before the alkaloids were known, various other barks found 
their way into commerce, in part without disguise, as a pretended 
substitute for the medicinally active Cinchona barks, and in part 
mixed with the latter, although their inferior value was perceived 
at an early period. Among these false or spurious Cinchona barks 
the only one until recently of any importance was the hard bark 
of Cascarilla magnifolia,' Endlicher (Cinchona oblongifolia Mutis, 
C. magnifolia Pavon, Ladenbergia magnifolia Klotzsch, Buena mag- 
_nifolia Weddell; it is also probable that Karsten’s Cinchona hete- 
_ -rocarpa was nothing else than this tree.) Mutis, in the year 1780, 
_ ? Figured in Howard’s NV. Quinol., Tab. 10; Karsten’s FZ. Colomb. Tab. VI. 
