THE*?SO-CALLED SPURIOUS CINCHONA BARKS. 49 
erroneously described the same as Cascarilla roja,* and later, par- 
ticularly at the beginning of this century, it was brought in enor- 
mous quantities into commerce as Czuchona (China) nova suri- 
namensis, although probably for the most part not from Surinam,’ 
but from New Granada. This stately tree is distributed through 
Columbia and Ecuador, presumably also still more widely, and is 
known as Cascarilla flor de Azahar. Its small white flowers, 
scarcely tinted with red, which indeed by their downy pubescence 
approximately resemble the Cinchonas, diffuse a fine orange-like 
fragrance. (Azahar designating in Spanish, orange and lemon). 
This Cinchona nova also occurred from 20 to 30 years ago under 
the name of Cinchona rosea or Cinchona Savanilla,? and even as 
Cinchona Valparaiso. It contains no cinchona alkaloid, as one 
may easily become convinced by means of Grahe’s test (see p. 68), 
and is altogether free from alkaloid At the present time it is not 
found in commerce. 
From an anatomical point of view this bark is positively distin- 
guished from the barks of the Cinchonas, especially with regard to 
the obtuse ends of the bast-fibres and the remarkable abundance of 
sieve tubes. The bast-fibres of the “Cinchona (China) nova”’ are 
much more numerous, thinner, longer, and not so completely ligne- 
fied. The figure of the transverse section’ agrees very nearly with 
that of Cinchona cuprea (see Plate VIII). When, however, at some 
time the barks of numerous other Cinchoneze shall be compared 
therewith, there is no doubt but that intermediate forms will be 
found. Such an one, e. ¢., is to be observed to a certain extent in 
the beautiful rose-red, feebly bitter bark of Condaminea tinctoria 
D. C.,° which contains not a very large number of strong bast-fibres, 
1 See page 17, by Calisaya Ledgeriana. 
2 Murray, Apparatus Medicaminum, V1, 181, 222, was indeed, in 1790, in possession 
of a specimen of this bark from Surinam. It was known that it did not possess the me- 
dicinal power of the true Cinchona, Later communications relating to this worthless 
bark are contained in the Fahresbericht der Pharm., 1857, p. 40, and 1862, p. 42. 
3 Archiv. der Pharm. 116 (1851) 374, and therefrom in the Fahresbericht, 1851, 52. 
It is very remarkable that this bark was named by some drug dealers Cinchona from 
Valparaiso. aes 
4 Hesse in Fehling’s Nenes Handworterbuch der Chemie., Il (1875), 531- 
5Berg, Chinarinden, Plate X, 27. 
6 Synonyms: Cinchona Jlaccifera Pavon, Macrocnemum tinctorium — Humboldt, 
Bonpland et Kunth. The genus Condaminea, established by De Candolle, is distinguished 
from the Cinchonez by the fleshy corolla, the conical capsule and the wingless seeds. 
Tafalla (section 17), had already called attention to the bark of this tree, which, in the | 
domain of the upper Orinoco or Paragua furnishes to the natives a red color. It is also 
probably with regard to this that it has received by the natives the popular designation of 
Paraguatan bark. After the bark, through Humboldt, had become known to a certain 
extent in Europe, small quantities of itappear occasionally to have been brought into 
commerce. Virey, ¢. g., stated in the Yournal de Pharmacie, XIX, (1833) P 199, _ 
