COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. 57 
1,340,000 kilograms." At the beginning of July, 1882, the supply 
there amounted to 3% million, and in Paris to about % million 
kilograms. 
If one attempt to estimate the amount of sulphate of quinine? 
(including the other salts of quinine and the remaining Cinchona 
bases) which is annually manufactured in recent years, there results, 
with some degree of probability, the figure of 120,000 kilograms, 
which presupposes nearly 86,400 kilograms of alkaloid. If it then 
be assumed that the barks contain, on an average, but two per 
cent. of alkaloids, the manufactories must annually work up about 
4% million kilograms of Cinchona bark; at the present day, 
however, it may be presumed to be considerable more. 
The commercial reports are accustomed to calculate according 
to collt (serons, bales), which contain from 50 to 55 kilograms of 
bark, 
If one will assume that for each of the nearly 5000 pharmacies? 
of Germany there is a daily consumption of 100 grams of Cin- 
chona bark, this figure, which is undoubtedly too highly estimated, 
would correspond to an annual requirement of 182,500 kilograms. 
in the year 1881, however, the import of Germany (after deduct- 
ing 119,200 kilograms, which again went out of the country) 
amounted to 2,048,600 kilograms; 1,876,100 kilograms of bark had 
thus probably become worked up for alkaloid in the 6 quinine 
manufactories of Germany, and may have furnished more than 
50,000 kilograms of sulphate of quinine. 
1 In December, 1881, a ring of speculators placed themselves in possession of the 
largest part of Cinchona bark stored there, which was estimated at about 40,000 co//, or 
over 2 million kilograms, and among which Cinchona cuprea was present to the largest 
extent. 
2 The present price of sulphate of quinine is nearly 300 marks per kilogram. One 
may thus be permitted to assume that the amount of cinchona alkaloids and their salts 
which are annually manufactured represent in the world’s market a sum of from 30 to 
40 million marks (about 7% to 1o million dollars). An indication of the great fluctu- 
ations in this department may moreover be given by the following extremes in the selling 
price of sulphate of quinine from Zimmer’s manufactory at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in 
the interval from 1875 to 1881. A kilogram of this salt was quoted: 
at 195 marks in January, 1876; at 545 marks in May, 1877; 
at 260 “a February, 1878; at 440 6s May, 1879; 
at 240 ae November, 1881; at 430 a August, 1880. 
3 According to the last statements contained in the Imperial Statistical Office (March, 
1882), there existed in the year 1875, in the German Empire, 4531 pharmacies. 
