CHEMICAI, CONSTITUENTS OF THE CINCHONA BARKS. 59 
deposited in isolated cells, it comes but little into consideration. 
The total ash of bark dried at 100° C. (212° F.) attains, according 
to Reichardt,’ to a maximum of about 3 per cent. (in Cinchona 
rubra); the amount of lime to about 1 per cent. Howard? obtained 
from the inner portion of the bast of C. succirubrao.g1 per cent. 
of calcium carbonate, corresponding to 0.5 per cent. of lime. On 
the other hand Reichel estimated the amount of oxalic acid (in 
Huanuco bark, p. 46) to be in maximum 0.29 per cent., and 
Reichardt (in Cinchona rubra) as 0.33 per cent., wherefrom may be 
deduced that the amount of never-failing oxalate cannot readily 
exceed 1 per cent., in that, presumably, a portion of the calcium is 
contained in the form of other compounds. 
The ash remaining by the combustion of the Cinchona barks, 
fluctuating from 34 to 3 per cent., consists for the most part of the 
carbonates of calcium and potassium, which, together, e. g., in the 
flava fibrosa, according to Reichardt, represent + of the entire 
amount of ash. Very much smaller is the quantity of magnesium 
carbonate, which, e. g., in flat Calisaya, amounts to but 3; of the ash. 
Cinchona cuprea afforded me 1.65 percent. of ash. Conclusions as 
to the distribution of the constituents of the ash in the different 
forms of tissue of the bark appear premature. I found carefully 
isolated bast fibres to be poor therein. 
The presence of ammonium salt may readily be demonstrated in 
the extracts of Cinchona barks, although its amount, on an average, 
is probably but very small. Carles, in 1873, obtained only fractions 
of a per mille. of ammonia. 
Substances which may be designated as rveszz are also contained 
in the barks in but very insignificant amounts. Delondre and Henry 
found such in the red juice exuding from the trunks of Cinchonas 
as the result of incisions. 
If Cinchona barks be extracted with boiling alcohol, a principle 
is separated in the cold which has been regarded as wax, and which, 
occasionally colored with chlorophyll, may also be obtained when 
specimens of bark are analyzed simply for the purpose of estimating 
the alkaloids. Kerner (1859, 1862) has designated this principle as 
cinchocerotin.2 When prepared frem flat Calisaya it forms, after 
purification, handsome, purely white, neutral, crystalline lamine 
which first melt at about 150° C. (302° F.) | 
1 Title under section XVIII. 
* Nueva Quinologia, Microsc. observat., fol. 6. : 
* Cinchocerotin is not a wax; for athorough investigation of itsee Helms’ paper in 
the Archiv der Pharmacie, April, 1883, and abstracted in the Amer. Fourn. Pharm., 
July, 1883. oe : ie 
