64 CINCHONA BARKS. 
The Cinchona barks contain, furthermore, in smaller amounts: 
Homocinchonidine, discovered by Hesse, in 1877 a eaihs Dake Ci 4N,O 
Cinchonamine, obtained in 1881 by Arnaud, from Remijia Purdieana (p. 54)C,,H,,4N,0 
Homoquinine, found in 1882 by D. Howard and other English investigators, 
in Cinchona cuprea a . : Sa : Cy ohiaatsOs 
Quinamine, discovered by Hesse, in 1872 i A " ‘ i ot MG yobs ZO 
Conquinamine, “ “ WOGRTY a at eh ee 1 ak wand e mn 
Cinchamidine, eee * 1881 : : : ete Sys Fey 
Quinine and cinchonine stand at the head of two groups of 
alkaloids, which, indeed, individually, show quite broad distinctions, 
but present, however, with regard to their physiological action,” 
some agreement. From these distinctive cinchona alkaloids the 
following bases are very considerably separated in every respect : 
Aricine, discovered by Pelletier and Coriol, in 1829,? and analyzed by 
Hesse, in 1876 . . . . . . . . Saye. AP ae A 
Cusconine, discovered by Hesse,* in 1877 a : ‘ : ‘ * Seagetees, 
Cusconidine, fe ties he ERTe . F 
Cuscamine, * fe elt ABS : : ; ‘ ; wie by! 
Cuscamidine, “ “ “ “ 1880 : pitas saan 
Paytine*, eee t Meret Bayo _ ‘ ‘i ‘ ‘ ‘ C,,H,,N,0 
Paricine, in the bark from Para, mentioned on pages 58 and 68, discovered 
by Winckler, in 1845 = ° , : : ‘ “ : ‘ Bisset Soc 
With the exception of paricine, cusconidine, and cuscamidine, 
the above named alkaloids are crystallizable. Besides the former, 
there occur however, other amorphous bases’ in Cinchona barks, 
the knowledge of which is still but slightly satisfactory, They are 
perhaps first formed, in part, from the crystallizable alkaloids, in 
the process of manufacture. The chznotdin of the manufactories 
consists, for the most part, of amorphous bases. ; 
Hesse® isolated from the mother liquids of Cinchona barks, 
obtained from the manufactories, the slightly odorous cincholine, a 
base volatilizable with aqueous vapor, but which, however, may 
? It is only in the case of quinine that this has been satisfactorily determined from a 
medical standpoint. 
? In a bark of unknown botanical origin, which was exported a few times from Arica 
(see p. 32), and which may possibly belong to a Cinchona. 
* From barks which have not been botanically determined; the name relates to 
Cusco, in southern Peru. = 
Hesse, Berichte der Deutsch. Chem. Ges., 1883, pp. 58-63, announces the presence of 
two new alkaloids in a variety of “‘cuprea” bark, viz: concusconine and concusconidine, 
cg eh, the composition C,,H,,N,0,; and the list appears not yet completed. (F. 
4 In a so-called white Cinchona bark, which was once exported from Payta, the most 
northerly port of Peru, but is not to be met with in commerce. Com ta 
i iy pag te pare, regardi the 
same, Fliickiger, Jahresbericht der Pharm., 1872, p. 132; also section 18, No. 35, of this 
wont 5 se tae 5 
* Every Cinchona bark contains amorphous alkaloids. Bernelot Moens, in 1881, 
states that their quantity varied from 0.13 to 1.4 cent., as ascertained from 8 
analyses perf by him. ra hark eos g 
® Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 1882, p. 858. pe 
