CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE CINCHONA BARKS. 65 
possibly only originate from the hydrocarbons employed in the 
process of manufacture. (See section 15.) 
From the first named alkaloids, on page 63, there are formed, by 
the action of potassium permanganate:' cénzchotine, hydroguinidine, 
(hydroconchinine), Aydrocinchonine and hydrocinchonidine, which, 
according to Forst and Béhringer (1882), are said to originally 
exist in Cinchona barks. : 
Only the two first mentioned pair of alkaloids (p. 63) are em- 
ployed medicinally; they have a very bitter taste. 
Quinine may be obtained in a crystalline form with 3H,O; it is 
soluble in about 20 parts of ether, more abundantly in alcohol and 
chloroform. These solutions deviate the plane of polarization to 
the left. Quinine is soluble at 15° C (59° F.), in 1600 parts of 
water. This solution, as also the aqueous solutions of quinine 
salts, when treated with chlorine-water or bromine vapor and am- 
monia, in the manner described in my Pharmaceutische Chemie,’ 
1878, p. 410, affords a green precipitate of so-called thalleioguin, or 
a beautifully green, clear solution. Quinine salts of the oxygen 
acids show, under the circumstances described in the previously 
mentioned work, page 409, a blue fluorescence. Quinine itself is 
but little used; in medicine the sulphate (C,,H,,N,O,),H,SO,+7 
H,O3 is particularly employed, as also the hydrochlorate of qui- 
nine. 
Quinidine (conquinine or conchinin) readily yields crystals having 
the composition (C,,H,,N,O,), +5H,O, but which readily effloresce. 
It is less abundantly soluble in ether than quinine, and its solutions 
deviate the plane of polarization to the right. In regard to fluor- 
escence and the thalleioquin reaction, quinidine shows the same 
behavior as quinine. : 
Cinchonine is not capable of combining with water of crystalli- 
zation ; it dissolves first in 400 parts of ether, and, even by alcohol, 
is not abundantly taken up. | : 
Cinchonidine crystallizes likewise only in an anhydrous condition, 
is more abundantly soluble than cinchonine, and its optical behavior 
is the reverse of the latter. ae : 
Some noteworthy properties of this group of cinchona alkaloids, 
in a restricted sense, to which may &till be added homoquinine and 
1 Compare Kerner, FYahresbericht der Pharm. 1869, p. 313; also Strecker’s Fahres- 
bericht der Chemie., 1869, p. 718. i : 
? See also Pharmacographia, second edition (1879), p. 360. ey . 
3 It is not definitely established whether this salt contains 7 or 8 molecules of water of 
crystallization, or perhaps an intermediate amount. 
“ ai 
