HISTORY OF THE CINCHONA BARKS TO THE YEAR 1737. 83 
On the 11th of August, 1621, Ana de Osorio, widow of Don 
Luis de Velasco, married Don Luis Geronimo Fernandez de Ca- 
brera y Bobadilla, of Madrid, the fourth Count of Chinchon. The 
year 1628 brought to the Count the highest distinction that was at- 
tainable in Spain—he was appointed Viceroy of Peru, z. e., regent 
of the entire Spanish territory in South America. On the 14th of 
January, 1629, the vice-regal pair entered Lima." As the Count- 
ess, in 1638, was prostrated by a fever in the palace at Lima, the 
same corregidor of Loxa sent Cinchona bark to the vice-regal 
physician, Dr. Juan de Vega. In the treatment of the Countess 
-Chinchon the virtues of the remedy were also confirmed, so that 
she caused it to be distributed in Lima. Even here the powdered 
bark acquired the name of Polvo de la Condesa (Countess Powder). 
A knowledge of this febrifuge must have very soon penetrated 
into Spain, even if it may be doubted that this took place as early 
as the year 1632, before the cure of the Countess, as has been 
stated by Villerobel. In 1639 Cinchona bark certainly appears to 
have been used in Alcala de Henares, near Madrid.* 
Perhaps, also, with relation to the first Jesuit treated therewith at 
Malacatos, the bark soon received the name of Folvo de les 
Fesuitos, as this Order, especially through the Cardinal connected 
therewith, Juan de Lugo, residing at Rome, began to zealously 
adopt the new remedy. As Nicolas Lémery declared, the Jesuits 
derived great profit therefrom. In the meantime, however, the 
same physician, Juan de Vega, on the occasion of the return of the 
viceroy to Spain, had, as early as 1640, likewise taken Cinchona 
with him, and, e. g. sold the same in Seville at 100 vea/s (about 100 
dollars) per pound. 
The Cardinal de Lugo, Attorney-General of the Order of Jesuits, 
had, as it appears, the superintendence of a pharmacy belonging 
to them, but permitted, however, also in his palace the distribution 
of cinchona bark to the indigent sick, which, therefore, became 
known as “Pulvis eminentissimi Cardinalis de Lugo,” or “ Pulvis 
1 With regard to the Count Chinchon, who conducted the Government of Peru until 
the 17th of December, 1639, compare also Fliickiger’s Pharmakognosie, p. 85. 
2 With relation to the earliest history of the cinchona barks, compare further the publi- 
cations of H. von Bergen, Weddell and Markham, which are mentioned by name in 
Section 18 of this work. 
3 H. von Bergen, 84, 90. : : 
4 Sebastiano Bado. Anastasis, Corticis Peruvia, seu Chine Chine defensio. Genoa, 
1663, 202. ae ee eae 
5 Chiffletius, 1. c. According to the Biogr. Universelle, Paris, 1821, Juan de Lugo was 
born in 1583, at Madrid, entered the Order of the Jesuits in 1603, was made a cardinal 
in 1643, and died at Rome in 1660. Also the same, according to Lorenzo Ca : 
Mem. storiche de’ Cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa V1. (Roma, 1797) 47. — 
