86 CINCHONA BARKS. 
cian to Ludwig XIV, dedicated in 1682 to the “‘Reméde Anglais,” 
an oft-quoted pamphlet. The first physician of the King, Antoine 
d’Aquin, and Fagon, physician to the Queen, were commissioned 
to receive from Talbor the secret recipe.’ Fagon, in 1704, assigned 
to the Franciscan botanist, Charles Plumier, who was to undertake 
his fourth journey to South America, the commission to determine 
the origin of the Cinchona barks. Plumier died, however, at 
Cadiz.’ 
In the meantime, living Cinchonas had already found their way to 
London, or were cultivated there from seed,? and for a not unin- 
teresting short report on the “Peruvian Bark”’ or “ Jesuits’ Bark,” 
we are indebted to the Scotch surgeon, William Arrot, who, about 
the year 1730, had made observations in Loxa. He described 
accurately the work of the Cascarilleros, and, even at this time, ex- 
pressed solicitude regarding the extermination of the trees. 
SECTION XVII. 
MORE RECENT HISTORY OF THE CINCHONA BARKS. 
The knowledge of the Cinchonas was introduced in a scientific 
spirit by the otherwise celebrated expedition of the Paris Academy. 
In their commission, the astronomers, Charles Marie de la Conda- 
mine, Bouguer and Godin, were occupied, from the year 1736 to 
1744, in measuring the arc of a degree in Peru. At the same time 
improving every opportunity for the advancement of other branches 
of natural science, Condamine, in accordance with the directions of 
Joseph de Jussieu, on the 4th of February, 1737, on the journey 
from Quito, by way of Cuenca, to Lima, observed one of the Cin- 
chona trees on the mountain of Cajanuma, 21% leagues southward 
from Loxa, which Arrot (page 81) had also already named. In 
the following year Condamine’s’ description and figure of his 
“arbre de quinquina” was laid before the Paris Academy, and was 
published by the latter in 1740. According to Howard, this first 
1 Les admirables gualitez du Kinakina, confirmées par plusieurs expériences. Paris, 
Jouvenel libraire, 1089. 164 pages, in 8°. (Without the name of the author). 
2 Cap, Etudes (mentioned on p- 47). 
* According to the short notice in Semple, Memoirs of the Botanic Garden at Chelsea, 
belonging to the Society of Apothecaries in London, 1878, p. 16: “In 1685, August 7th, 
I went to see M. Watts, Keeper of the Apothecaries’ Garden of Simples at Chelsea, 
where there is a collection of innumerable variety of that sort; particularly . 
the tree bearing Jesuits’ bark, which had done such wonders in quartan agues.” 
* See p. 81, Note 5. 
’ Hist. de l'acad. roy. des sciences, ann, 173 , avec les mém. de math. et de phys. pour 
_ la méme année. Pacle, tees pp. 226-243. es ea 
. . . 
