HOKSE FEEDING. 11 



tions of Zttiitz and Lehmanu (E. S. R., 7, p. 545). In experiments 

 with the light cavalry horses of the German army (estimated to weigh, 

 on an average, 450 kg.) these investigators arrived at results identical 

 with those obtained in our experiments with horses of the line. The 

 principal object of Zuntz and Lehmann's investigations, which were 

 made with horses at rest and performing muscular work, was the 

 determination of the amount of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxid 

 produced in a unit of time, /. t., the respiratory quotient. In their 

 calculations these authors have assumed that in general cavahy horses 

 perform tAvo-thirds of their work trotting and one-third walking, and 

 that in ordinary weather the ground passed over is fairl}- even, firm, 

 and springy. They divide the year into three periods: The first of 

 150 da3's of work and 31 of rest, the second of 05 da3's of work and 29 

 of rest, and the third of 67 days of work and 23 of rest. The first 

 period corresponds to the winter season, during which the horses travel 

 on an average a))out 15 kilometers per day; the second to a period 

 devoted to drilling, during which they travel about 80 kilometers per 

 day; and the third period to the time of the militar}' maneuvers, when 

 they travel about 60 kilometers per day. The corresponding amoiuits 

 of work are calculated on the supposition that in the first period the 

 horses each carry a weight of 82 kg. ; in the second, of 90 kg. ; and in the 

 third, of 110 kg. Zuntz and Lehmann compared the rations supplied 

 in the German army with the work required in the third period, and 

 came to the conclusion that they were quite insufficient. The}^ believe 

 that in order to make good the loss entailed by this work, 1,718 gm. 

 of oats should be added to the daily ration, which at present consists 

 of 5,100 gm., and that it Avould be profitable to make this addition 

 throughout the entire year and not simply during the time of the 

 maneuvers. 



It is interesting to note that these German scientists, using labora- 

 tory methods, obtained practicall}" the same results as the author with 

 experiments of a difi'erent character, but made upon a very large 

 number of horses. 



PKErARATION OF FEED FOR HORSES. 



Some of our recent experiments hav(^ had to do with the methods 

 of feeding. They covqr a number of points. The first and perhaps 

 the most important is the advantage of cleaning the grain. Grandeau 

 showed in his experiments at the laV)oratory of the Oniipagnie 

 generaJe des t)oiturej<. that oats could ])e satisfactorily freed of foreign 

 grains and impurities by some of the well-known screening devices. 

 He studied the composition of the impurities, and found that some 

 of them were injurious to the health of horses. 



The importance of proper cleaning is illustrated by a point in our 

 own experience. A few years ago, after a very severe drought, we 

 8809— No. 1 2 



