METEOROLOGY CLIMATOLOGY, 25 



On the evolution of carbon and nitrogen in the living world, I\ Ma/.k 



{Enru.r: Hhif^i^cy, 1S99, pp. 111). 



Evaporation from the young wood of apple trees during winter, A. 

 Tkuelle {Dc rcmporatioii dtijeune bow dcs pormniers a ridrc jtmiddut ritirer. A/ntrim: 

 E. Renaut-de Broise, 1899, pp. U). 



METEOROLOGY— CLIMATOLOGY. 



Annual summary of meteorological observations in the United 

 States, 1899 (^'. S. Dcpt. A(jr., Weather Bureau, Moaflihj Weaf],,r 

 Eeview, 27 {1899), No. 13, m^. IX+ 577-597, figs. 5, charts J).— This 

 number of the Review gives a table of contents, list of corrections, 

 additions, and changes; an index for Volume 2T; and a sununary of 

 observations on atmospheric pressure, temperature, precipitation, 

 wind movement, cloudiness, and other meteorological phenomena 

 "based essentialh" upon data received from about 150 regular stations 

 [in the United States], 28 regular Canadian stations, and a number of 

 voluntar}' stations." It also includes the following special articles: 

 Remarkable aurora at Braidentown, Fla. , November, 1899, by H. Ten 

 Broeck; Small seismic changes caused l)y building operations, by C. F. 

 Marvin; Notes on the climate of Missouri, by A. E. Hackett; Clima- 

 tology of St. Kitts, by W. H. Alexander (illus.); Rainfall in central 

 and western Nicarauga, l\y E. Flint; Tables of dew-point obserxed at 

 Honolulu, by C. J. Lyons; The weather and the live stock industry, 

 by F. H. Brandenbiu'g; and The barograph on ship})()ard, ])\ J. Page 

 (illus.), and a note b}^ the editor on the meteorological century. 



The general climatic conditions of the year 1899 were as follows: 



'^Atmo.^phrr(r pn-eK-mrc. — In general, the pressure distrilnition for the year 1.S99 dif- 

 fers but slightly from that of 1898. Pressure was generally aV)ove the normal east of 

 the Mississippi River in both years. It was markedly above the normal over Nova 

 iScot.ia and the Maritime Provinces of Canada in 1898, and also in 1899, although in a 

 less degree. In the latter year the Atlantic high, as traced by the isobar of 30.0.5 

 mean annual pressure, extended several hundred miles farther to the northwestward 

 than was the case in 1898. Pressure on the Pacific coast and Plateau region was 

 slightly lower in 1899 than in 1898. 



"On the immediate Gulf coast of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama pressure was 

 from 0.02 to 0.04 in. above normal in both years, while less than 200 miles inland, 

 viz, at Vicksburg, Meridian, and Montgomery pressure was from 0.01 to 0.04 in. 

 below normal. In both years pres.sure was also below normal from the Texas coast 

 westward to Arizona and southern California. The rainfall of both years was like- 

 wise less than the normal amount. In mentioning these facts the writer does not 

 intend to convey the impression that they stand in the relation of cause and effect. 

 The fact that there was an average difference of 0.07 in. in pressure between Vicksburg 

 and New Orleans, 0.04 between Mobile and Montgomery, and the same amount 

 between Atlanta and Jacksonville would seem to suggest rather marked changes in 

 the normal air motions along the Gulf coast. 



"In the annual summary for 1898 attention was called to a trough of low pressure 

 which apparently paralleled the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in that year. A 

 similar trough appears on the pressure chart for the current year and the precijiita- 

 tion generally throughout the axis of the trough was above normal as in 1898. 



