DISEASES OF PLANTS. 59 



The disease principall}^ attacks the smaller })raiiches, although occur- 

 ring- soinetinies on the larger ones and often on the trunks of young 

 trees. It appears in the fall, soon after the autumn rains begin, as 

 small, irregular, slightly depressed brown areas of the bark. During 

 the fall and winter its spread is very slow, but with the recurrence of 

 spring it spreads rapidly, until an area of several inches in diameter is 

 infected. Occasionally a single area completely girdles a branch, kill- 

 ing at once its distal portion, but more commonly a dead spot occurs, 

 from which, in the course of a few months, the bark sloughs off, leav- 

 ing an ugly wound, which heals very slowly. The cause of the disease 

 is mentioned and the fungus briefly characterized. The fungus has 

 been isolated and grown on various cultures and inoculation experi- 

 ments successfully made. 



As possible remedies, the author suggests the use of Bordeaux mix- 

 ture or ammoniacal copper carljonate, together with pruning of badly 

 infested trees. 



The New York apple-tree canker, W. Paddock {New York State 

 Sta. BhJ. 163, pp. 179-206, ph. 6). -In 1898 the station authorities 

 were requested to investigate the cause of the dying of trees in an 

 orchard in East Bloomfield, N. Y. The orchard in question originally 

 consisted of 125 acres. The trees on 30 of the 80 acres in one part 

 were ruined by the canker and had been taken out, and one-half of 

 the trees on the remaining 50 acres are now of little value. 



The owners have noticed the disease for at least 6 or 8 years, but it 

 has increased rapidly only in the last 3 or 4 years. It showed a 

 decided preference for certain varieties, the Twenty Ounce being the 

 most susceptible, followed by Baldwin, Wagener, Greening, and King, 

 in the order named. Tallman Sweet appears to be practically free 

 from the disease. 



Investigations as to the possible cause of the disease resulted in the 

 discovery that it was due to the same cause as the black rot of the 

 apple {Sp/ia'i'opf<i.s malorum). More than 50 successful inoculations 

 were made in 1898, and in 1899 the experiments were repeated many 

 times with the same result. 



The geographical distribution of the fungus, as determined from 

 circular letters sent to various stations, is as follows: Connecticut, 

 Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Vermont, and proba- 

 bly in Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, AVest 

 Virginia, and portions of Canada. 



The author thinks it probable that when the disease becomes more 

 generally known it will be found in many of the apple-growing sec- 

 tions of the Northern, Central, and New England States. 



The appearance of the disease may be recognized by the occurrence 

 of dark enlarged sections on the larger limbs which, upon closer exami- 

 3809— No. 1 5 



