80 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



kg. during the experimental period. In the authors' opinion, tlie vegetable diet 

 somewhat more than sufRced for maintenance. 



Ensilage without pressure, Ross {Agr. Gaz. New South Itote, 11 {1900), No. 1, 

 pp. 36, 37). — The author's experience, extending over a number of years, in ensiling 

 maize in stacks without pressure is given. This method of preserving maize is 

 regarded as entirely satisfactory. ' ' The stack is an absolute success except for the 

 slight loss at the top and sides." 



The foundation principles in determining feeding standards for farm ani- 

 mals, L. Gkandeau {Jour. Agr. Pntt.. 1900. I, No. 10, pp. 344-346; 11, pp. 381,382). — 

 A general discussion. 



Feeding experiments with diflferent quantities of the same foods at the 

 college farm, T. Winter {Bd. Agr. \_London] Rpt. Distrih. Grants for Agr. Ed. 

 Great Britain, 1898-99, pp. 48-52). — A feeding experiment conducted at the Univer- 

 sity College of North Wales with 2 lots of 4 steers each, averaging about 1,100 lbs., 

 is briefly reported. The object was to compare a ration of 3 lbs. of maize meal and 

 3 lbs. of decorticated cotton-seed cake with one containing 5 lbs. of each of these, 

 feeding pulped Swedish turnips, chaffed hay and straw in addition. 



The test began November 29, 1898, and closed February 8, 1899. The steers receiv- 

 ing 6 lbs. of grain made an average daily gain of 1.92 lbs., and those receiving 10 lbs. 

 made an average daily gain of 1.65 lbs. The steers were slaughtered at the close of 

 the test. The average percentage of dressed to live weight in the 2 lots was 53.2 

 and 55.7 respectively. 



Feeding experiments with root crops, L. Helweg {Landtmannm, 10 {1899), 

 Nu.^. 47, pp. 774-777; 48, pp. 790, 791; 60, ppj. 820-824)- 



Cost of feeding steers, L. McKiii ( Wallace's Farmer, 25 {1900), No. 15, p. 410). — 

 A general discussion which includes some statistics. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



The mammary gland, A. W. Bitting {Indiana Sta. Rpt. 1899^ 

 l)p. 36-If3., p>ls. 5). — An account is given of the anatomy and physiol- 

 ogy of the mammary gland and its development in different tvpes of 

 Mammalia, particular attention being paid to the form, structure, and 

 vascular supply of the cow's udder. 



"The udder of the cow consists of a variable number of mammary glands, usually 

 4 that are functional (the quarters) and from 1 to 4 that are rudimentary. They are 

 arranged in pairs, being on opposite sides of the median line of the body, and occupy 

 the inguinal region (groin). . . . 



"The shape and size of the organ as a whole differs in the different breeds and in 

 individuals of the same breed. In some breeds the aim has been to develop a large 

 secretory function, and an enormous glandular development has been the result. 

 In other breeds the quality of the milk has been the prime consideration, and the 

 gland is smaller. In the beef breeds the gland is often invaded with fatty tissue and 

 the udder appears large, but the quantity of glandular tissue is small. . . . 



"The weight of the dissected udders, as found in our investigations, varied from 

 2 lbs. and 3 oz. to 41 lbs. and 6 oz. . . . 



"A dissection of the udder shows that each half is enveloped in a strong fibrous 

 capsule, and that the fibers intermingle on the inner side and are prolonged upward 

 to act as ligamentous support for the gland. The halves are distinct, as they may 

 be easily separated throughout their inner aspect. The individual glands in each 

 half of the udder are not so distinctly separated. . . . 



