156 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Gummosis of Pninus japonica, G. Massee {Keii; Misc. Bui. 11^.1^..^ 

 j}p. 321-326., pi. 1). — For several 3'ears a considerable number of speci- 

 mens of Prunus japonica have been killed or disfigured by parasitic 

 fungi. The disease is first indicated l)y the appearance of tear-like 

 drops on the branches. These are sometimes solitarj^ and in other 

 instances luuuerous and more or less crowded. During damp or 

 rainy Aveather the masses of gum are quite soft and gelatinous. In 

 warm, dry weather the masses shrink and become horny, expanding 

 again when moistened. At first the mass of gum is nearly colorless, 

 but finally becomes black. When the masses are removed, irregular 

 canker-like wounds, which sometimes extend to the pith, are present 

 on the branches, and if such wounds are numerous the branch 

 speedily dies. 



The cause of this disease is a species of Cladosporium, morphologic- 

 ally indistinguishable from C. epiphyllum. The characteristics of the 

 fungus and its growth are described at some length, and as preventive 

 measures the author recommends spraying with a solution of potas- 

 sium sulphid. Diseased branches should be removed, and lime thickly 

 strewn on the soil under diseased plants. 



Fruit diseases found along the Hudson, F. H. Hall, F. C. Stewart, and F. 

 H. Blodgett {New York State Sta. Bui. 167, popular cd., pp. 6).— This is a popular 

 summary of Bulletin 167 of the station (see p. 154). 



ENTOMOLOGY. 



The codling moth, J. M. Aldrich {Idaho Sta. Bui. 21., p>j). 97- 

 112^ Jigs. 6). — The codling moth has been known in the Clearwater 

 Valley since 1887, and in an untreated orchard near Moscow 21 per 

 cent of the fruit was found to be infested. The length of the pupa 

 stage of this insect in south Idaho is said to be about a week. In the 

 region about Boise and Weiser there are at least 3 broods and a part 

 of a fourth, while in Latah County there are 2 broods and a part of a 

 third. Only a small portion of the late brood seems to survive. 



Of 121 apples having the small marks of the third brood, selected in 

 an orchard in Moscow in the month of Noveml)er, only 20 were found 

 to contain living larvit?. 



The author conducted experiments in spraying, during which Paris 

 green was applied in the Bordeaux mixture. The application was made 

 within a week after the blossoms fell. On July Tan examination was 

 made to determine the eflfectof spraying. It was found that most of the 

 worms which were destroyed were entering the calyx. On unsprayed 

 trees an average of 16.7 worms entered the side of the apple, while on 

 sprayed trees an average of 14.2 worms entered the apple in the same 

 manner. There was a total saving of 12.8 apples per tree, and of 

 these 9.7 were saved from worms which would have entered the calyx. 



