INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSP:S AT PARIS. 207 



resistiint viiu\s were all discussed, each method having- its advocates. 

 The second session was devoted to the consideration of resistant vines; 

 the merits of various varieties and races of American vines as resistant 

 not only to ph3dloxcra Imt also to drought were pointed out. At the 

 third session the g-oneral sul)jcct of grape diseases was considered under 

 the guidance of P. Viahi, of the Institute National Agronomique. Pro- 

 tection from frost and hail, and problems of vinitication were discussed 

 in the fourth session, while the fifth and last session was largely given 

 up to commercial features of the wine industry, the relation of wine 

 and hygiene, and the use of I rench geographical names of wine regions 

 as trade names bj^ wine producers in foreign countries. This latter 

 practice was severely condemned. 



COXGKESS OF AGRICULTURE. 



The Sixth International Congress of Agriculture was held July 1-7 

 under the presidency of M. J. Meline, with M. E. Tisserand vice- 

 president and M. Henry Sagnier general secretar}^ delegates being 

 present from nearly all the leading nations of the world. The first of 

 this series of congresses was held in Paris in 188!». Subsequent meet- 

 ings have been held at The Hague, Brussels, Budapest, and Lausanne. 



The congress was formally opened by M. Dupuy, minister of agri- 

 culture. After a few remarks he introduced the permanent president, 

 who addressed the delegates on the general agricultural situation, con- 

 trasting the present conditions with those existing at the time of the 

 first congress. At the conclusion of the address, permanent organiza- 

 tion was effected and the congress divided into seven sections with 

 presiding officers as follows: Rural economy, M. Ribot; agricultural 

 education, M. Gomot; agronomy, M. Marquis de Vogiie; zootechny, 

 M. Louis Pass}'; rural engineering, J\I. Sebline; tropical and sub- 

 tropical agriculture, M. Develle; and vegetable pathology, M. E. 

 Prillieux. 



In the sections papers were presented and discussed, and in many 

 instances referred ]>ack to the general session for further consid- 

 eration. 



In section 1, the causes of the low price of wheat, the role of agri- 

 cultural syndicates in their relation to producer and consumer, and the 

 measures to be adopted to prevent speculators from fixing prices were 

 discussed at length. 



Section 2 considered papers on agricultural education in universities, 

 and M. Grosjean, inspector-general of agriculture of France, sub- 

 mitted a report on training schools, professional schools, and special 

 schools of agriculture, horticulture, and viticulture. The discussion 

 on these papers took a wide range, at the conclusion of which a state- 

 ment was presented embodying the ideas of the section upon the 

 necessities of agricultui-al education. Wheiv such instruction is not 



