ENTOMOLOGY. 271 



total cost of the 3 applications amounted to 3.8 cts. per tree. The 

 application of Bordeaux mixture and green arsenite is made for the 

 purpose of checking- apple scab, orange rust, leaf curl of peach, and 

 destroying the tent caterpillar, ])ud moth, cankerworm, and curculio. 

 A second application of the Bordeaux mixture and arsenical poison is 

 made for the same purpose and for the additional purpose of destroy- 

 ing the codling moth. Figures are given showing the proper stages 

 of the leaf, buds, and young fruit of the apple at which the various 

 applications should be made. The author recommends a winter appli- 

 cation of a weak solution of lye to trees for the purpose of ridding the 

 trees of lichens, destrojang hibernating forms of insects, and as a 

 fungicide treatment for apple scab and brown rot. Such treat- 

 ment is given at any time during the dormant period of the trees. 

 Experiments in the winter treatment of the San Jose scale indicated 

 that pure kerosene with a flash test of 120 to 150° is the cheapest 

 and surest winter wash. The author gives brief notes by way of 

 description of methods of making some of the common fungicides and 

 insecticides together with a short account of the lire blight of pear. 



Report of tlie entomologist, C. H. Fernald {Massachusetts Hatch Sta. Rpt. 1899, 

 pp. 98-102'). — The San Jose scale is reported in 30 localities within the State. The 

 entomological department has been authorized to inspect nurseries upon request by 

 the owners. Brief notes are given on PJii/tonomus nigrirostis, gypsy moth, and 

 brown-tail moth. It is stated that F. J. Smith, of the Gypsy Moth Commission, has 

 determined the composition of Eaupenleim, so that this substance may now be man- 

 ufactured in the United States. 



Report on economic entomology for the year 1899, G. H. Carpextkr {Bpt. 

 Council Roy. Dublin Soc, 1899, jyp- 15, figs. 16). — The autlior presents biological and 

 economic notes on a number of farm and garden insect pests, including, among others,* 

 crane flies, death's-head moth, Smerinthus ocellatus, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Tyroglyphus 

 longior, and Hippohosca equina. 



Report of tlie Svredish state entomological station for 1899, S. Lampa 

 {Meddel. K. Landthr. Styr., 1900, No. 65, pp. 48). 



Common diseases and insects injurious to fruits, S. A. Beach, V. H. Lowe, 

 and F. C. Stewart {New York State Sta. Bid. 170, pp. 381-445). 



"The purpose of this bulletin is to furnish the fruit grower with a concise account 

 of the common diseases and insects most injurious to cultivated fruits in New York 

 State and to present ui)-to-date directions for fighting them most efiiciently and 

 economically. . . . The various fruits are taken up in alphabetical order and under 

 each one the diseases are first considered, then the insects. In the consideration of 

 each particular disease or insect, it is the general plan of the bulletin to give first 

 one or more descriptive paragraphs setting forth its general appearance, the chief 

 features of its life history, and its economic importance. Then follows a statement 

 of the remedial or preventive treatment which is recommended or suggested by the 

 authors. Where nothing can be positively recommended, suggestions are made, 

 pointing out what appears to be the most promising line of treatment." 



The usefulness of the bulletin is much increased by the addition of an index of 

 the fruits, diseases, and common and scientific names of insects and fmigi. 



Plant diseases and insect pests, C. P. Close ( Vtah Sta. Bid. 65, pp. 57-97, pis. 

 6, figs. 5). — This is a popular bulletin containing brief notes on approved methods of 



