DAIRYING DAIRY FARMING. 383 



The feecliiio- p(>rio(l.s in the present case were shortened to 15 days. 

 On the hahmced ration 15.1 percent more milk and 21.9 percent more 

 fat was produced than on the unbalanced ration. The gain over cost 

 of food, however, was not marked. "As pointed out in the discussion 

 of the previous experiment, the advantage of the good and more ex- 

 pensive ration is a larger production from the same lunnber of animals, 

 and thus a reduction in the capital required. " 



TJwyleld (Old cam/position of m !Jk oJdalned wlien the intervals hetween 

 milJiwgn are unequal and 'ir hen they are equal (pp. 220-257). — Seven- 

 day tests of 81 Holstein cows supervised by the station are reported l)y 

 J. G. Lipman. iuid the detailed data are summarized to show the aver- 

 age weekly variations in the fat content of the milk of individual cows, 

 proportionate yields of milk and fat at 3 daily mil kings at unequal 

 intervals, average yields of milk and fat per hour for the unequal 

 periods between milkings, and the average fat content of the milk of 

 the cows grouped according to age. Some of the author's deductions 

 from the study follow: 



"The difference between the highest and lowest daily average per cent of fat for any 

 7 consecutive days is under normal conditions usually less than 0.45 per cent. . . . 



"When the intervals between milkings are unequal, there is a tendency to produce 

 projwrtionately more fat after the shortest interval. 



"When the intervals between milkings are unequal, there is a tendency for stall- 

 fed cows to give proportionately more milk at the morning's milking. 



"When the intervals between the two afternoon milkings are equal, the yields of 

 milk are practically the same, but the yield of fat for the noon milking is greater. 



"When the cows are on pasture, and the periods between milkings unequal, there 

 is a tendency to yield more milk, in proportion, at the noon milking." 



The average fat content of the milk of 6 cows, 2 years old, was 3.33 

 per cent; 6 cows, 3 3^ears old, 3.62 per cent; 8 cows, -1 years old, 3.23 

 per cent, and 11 full-aged cows, 3.26 per cent. 



In 2 experiments at the station to determine at what period of the day 

 the most milk and fat are produced and the highest and lowest percent- 

 age of fat found, 4 cows were milked at 5 a. m. and 5 p. m., and 5 

 cows were milked at 5 a. m., 1 p. m., and 9 p. m. In another experi- 

 ment to compare milking cows two and three times a day i cows were 

 milked at equal intervals twice a day during the first and third periods 

 and three times a da}" during the second period. Complete data for 

 the 3 experiments are tabulated and the following sununary is given: 



"When the cows were milked at equal intervals twice daily, 51.9 per cent of the 

 total milk was produced in the morning, a,nd 41.8 per cent at night. Of the total 

 fat, 50.6 per cent was produced in the morning and 49.4 at night. Of the 76 tests 

 for percentage of fat, 59, or over three-fourths, were highest at night. 



"When the cows were milked at equal intervals, three times daily, 36 percent 

 of the total milk was produced at 5 a. m., 32.8 per cent at 1 p. m. and 31.2 per 

 cent at 9 p. m. Of the total fat, 33.3 per cent was produced at 5 a. m., 35.1 per cent 

 at 1 p. m. and 31.6 per cent at 9 p. m. The highest percentage of fat occurred at 



