HORTICULTURE. 447 



Reviewing these species selected for special purposes, it is found 

 that American viticulture is based on the following- species: J^njjeMri.'^^ 

 hnKjJI^ riilpina, i)uj)iticola.i berlandlerl, hourqainiana^ vlmfera, lince- 

 (■H/iii/, hleolor^ cesti'valis, simpmni^ candicans^ doaniana^ chmnjnni^ 

 lahnism, rotundifolia, and munwmana^ 17 in all. 



"These with proper application as to climate and soil can well snpply all parts, 

 from Puget Sound and Dakota to Puerto Rico. All the other species can be neglected 

 without loss. An abridgement of the above, which would still supply nearly every 

 •equirenient, and ])e the best possible list for the number of species included, would 

 )e rupestrisi, vulp'ma, berlandieri, bourqubdana, vUilfent, Hiiceciiudl, simj)>fO)il, duaniana, 

 champini, labrnsca, and roiundifolia." 



The work involved in hunting- the forests for desirable varieties of 

 grapes to be used as parents is noted, and a partial list of varieties of 

 grapes that have been or are growing at the Munson Experiuient 

 Grounds given. Following this the author discusses the ideal variety 

 of grape and the personal cpialifications necessary in an originator of 

 varieties and gives an account of the methods followed by himself in the 

 creation of new varieties by pure breeding, crossing, and hybridizing. 



Crossing and hybridizing when the parent vines bloom at the same 

 and at diti'erent times are dwelt on at some length. 



" When the intended parent vines do not bloom at the same time, then either the 

 earlier variety must be retarded by cutting off the primary shoots, thus forcing the 

 secondary later, or the later must be made to bloom earlier by prmiing close in the 

 fall, soon after the leaf fall, and the earlier delayed as directed above or by not 

 pruning until ])uds start in the spring or by both, if the natural times of flowering 

 of the 2 intended parents are wide apart, or else by saving pollen of the earlier to 

 apply to the stigma of the later. Pollen can be preserved for weeks and even a year 

 and still be efficient in impregnating." 



Directions for collecting and preserving pollen and using the same 

 the following season are given. 



The general laws of constitutional development in grapes with 

 reference to the parentage in pollination is stated by the author as 

 follows: 



"The most vigorous and enduring progeny are produced by vines as mothers — 

 other things being the same — which have recurved stamens and well-developed pis- 

 tils, when pollinated by purely staminate vines, as, for example, when Moyer, Lind- 

 ley, Bright(m, etc., are pollinated by staminate seedlings of, say, Dracut, Perkins, 

 Presley, etc. 



"Next in vigor are the progeny of mothers having reflexed stamens with large 

 pistils, impregnated by hermaphrodite vines; e. g., Brighton or Lindley by Concord, 

 Ives, Delaware, etc. 



" The third in vigor and endurance would be the progeny of hermaphrodite vines, 

 such as Concord, Ives, Perkins, Catawba, and the majority of varieties in cultivation, 

 impregnated by staminate vines. But in this case the majority of the progeny will 

 be staminate vines. 



"Fourth in vigor would be the progeny of hermaphrodite vines pollinated by other 

 liermaphrodite vines — for example. Concord iioUinated by Delaware or Ives — and still 

 weaker if jiollinated by itself or its own progeny, such as Moore Early, Worden, 

 Martha, etc., making 'in-and-in' breeding. The progeny of such impregnations gen- 



