HORTICULTURE. 451 



The alligator pear, D. Bois (nn: Jforf., 72 {1000), No. in, j)p. r,4G, r>47, 2)1. 1).— 

 TliiH tropical fruit {Prrxcti t/r(illssiiii<i) is illustrated and notes ^nvcn on its culture and 

 uses. 



India rubber, J. Parkin [Indian Forester, 26 (1900), No. 7, />/>. .;i.i-329) .—Notes 

 on the origin, collection, and preparation of India rub])er. 



Caoutchouc in German East Africa {Tropenpflanzer,4 {1900), No. 8, pp. 367- 

 ■178). — The re])ort of the governor of (iernian East Africa to the home office. Notes 

 on culture experniients are recorded and some commercial data given. 



Repeated tapping of Ficus elastica, A. Preyek {Tropenpflanzer, 4 [1900), No. 

 8, pp. 404-406) .—Trees were tapped in one experiment at intervals of 7 to 10 days 

 and the coagulated caoutchouc removed. The incisions were made close under each 

 other. About 7 J times as great a product was thus obtained with 5 tappings as is 

 usually obtained where only 1 tapping is practiced. In another instance the inter- 

 vals between tapjiings were reduced to 3 and 2 days, respectively, and 3 tappings 

 made. Again the product secured was nearly 3 times that secured with only 1 tap- 

 l)ing. ^The repeated tapping is said not to hurt the trees as in some parts of the 

 province of Subany, the practice of repeated tapi)ing of the same trees has been 

 carried on by the natives for years without harm. 



Pecan groves, H. Eost {Pror. Texas Farmers^ Cong. 1900, pp. 130-1S8). — Varie- 

 ties to plant and the jjrofits in growing pecans are considered. 



Flower odors ( Wiener. Illus. Gart. Ztg., 8 {1900), No. 9, pp. £60-^63) .—The classi- 

 fication of flower odors is considered. Deppino's classification of flower odors into 

 sympathetic and idiopathic kinds is used as the basis of the author's remarks, many 

 examples of the odors of flowers coming under the two headings being given. 



Fall-sown asters {Amer. Gard., 21 {1900), No. 302, p. 660).- — In experiments on 

 the Amer lam Gardming trial grounds fall-sown aster seed withstood the rigor of 

 winter and came up abundantly in the spring. The plantlets were transplanted into 

 rows alongside of plants grown from spring-sown seed. The plants from spring-sown 

 seed promised better in the early part of the season, but as they began to come into 

 bloom they were attacked and destroyed by disease. The plants from the fall-sown 

 seed seemed more robust, grew well, and blossomed, and up to the time of writing 

 not a plant had been lost by disease. The results are considered suggestive for 

 further experimentation. 



Different methods of orchid culture {Florists' Exclmnge, 12 {1900), Nos.33,p. 

 789; 34, ]>. 824; 35, p. 848). — Besides certain general principles and a discussion of 

 the usual methods employed in the culture of orchids, the late methods of certain 

 Belgian and French florists are discussed. The new feature consists in potting orchids 

 in leaf mold, a little sphagnum being placed in the bottom of the pots to prevent the 

 mold from washing through. Excellent results are reported by this method of cul- 

 ture, and the author recommends the method for trial in this country. 



Orchids from seed, E. 0. Orpet {Amer. Gard., 21 {1900), Nos. 300, p. 634; 303, 

 p. 680; 306, pip. 728, 729, Jig. 1). — Some of the precautions to be observed in growing 

 on^hids from seed are pointed out. 



Sweet-pea culture, H. H. Gibson {Farmers' Gaz., 59 {1900), No. 38, p. 74S).—T\\e 

 use of various manures in heightening the color of sweet peas is discussed and cultu- 

 ral directions given. 



Sweet violets and their culture, R. Parker {Garden, 58 {1900), No. 1506, pp. 

 ^40-248).- — Outdoor culture, winter forcing, and varieties for the open are discussed. 



Hedges, wind-breaks, shelters, and live fences, E. P. Powell {New York: 

 Orange Judd Co., pp. 140.). — A treatise on the planting, growth, and management of 

 hedge plants for comatry and suburban homes. 



School gardens, F. M. Powell {Trans. Iowa Hort. Sac. 1899, pp. 141-149). — A 

 somewhat extended review of the purpose and development of school gardens in this 

 and Euroi:)ean countries. 



