FOKESTRY. 453 



planters in overcoming these adverse conditions, and to aid in tiie 

 establishment of plantations to the g-reatest possible value of their 

 owners. A number of plantations are described, and working plans 

 for others given. Suggestions are given for the care of nui'sery 

 stock and methods to l)e followed for the successful transplanting of 

 evergreens. 



A catalpa plantation, located in the sandy valley of the Arkansas' 

 River in Kansas, is described at some length. This plantation consists 

 of 440 acres planted \\'ith hardy catalpa, the lirst planting having been 

 done in 1890 and the last in 1892. A measured portion of this planta- 

 tion was estimated to contain timber of a gross value of $2(57.15 per 

 acre as the residt of a 10-year crop. If from this gross amount the 

 expenses incurred as well as the interest on the gross investment be 

 deducted, there will be found a net protit of $197.. 55 per acre. This 

 profit can be considerably increased if only a portion of the trees be 

 marketed each yeai- for the next 10 years. 



Pure -woods or mixed -woods, W. Schltch {(rani. 0/tron., 3. ser., 

 27 {1900), Wo. 696, px). 257, 258).— The author gives the results of his 

 investigations on the subject of pure and mixed forests. The species 

 of trees suitable to be grown in pure woods ai'e beech, hornbeam, silver 

 tir, spruce, sycamore {Acer iMeudoplatanm)., white pine, and Douglas 

 tir. Those doing best in mixed forests are larch, birch, poplar, ash, 

 oak, and chestnut. The author states that only species which are 

 capable of preserving the yield capacity of the locality should be used 

 in pure woods. In the case of mixed woods one of the species of the 

 mixture must be a soil-improving one, and it should be more numerous 

 than the others. As a rule not more than 2 or 3 species should be 

 mixed on the same area unless placed in separate groups, representing a 

 series of small pure woods. Shade-bearing species may be mixed with 

 each other, provided their rate of growth in height is the same; ])ut 

 the slower growing must be protected against the other tree by giv- 

 ing it the start or cutting away the threatening individuals of the 

 faster-growing species. Shade-bearing and light-demanding species 

 may be mixed if the latter are the faster growing or have been given 

 the start. Light-demanding species should not be mixed with each 

 other except in very fertile localities, in inferior localities where 

 nothing else will grow, in temporary mixtures where one is used to 

 protect another, or if the wood is treated under very short rotation. 

 Whether the mixture should be arranged b}^ single trees or whether 

 each species should form separate groups depends upon various cir- 

 cumstances, the principal of which is the relative height growth and 

 shapes of the different trees. 



Observations on the temperature, gro^vth, and moisture con- 

 tent of various trees, W. R. Lazenby {Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci., 

 1899, j)jK o5-.!f.2). — A report is given on observations made to determine 



