460 EXPEEIMENT STATION KECORD. 



"Sporangia sessile, occurring singly or in groups of 2 or 3, 1 mm. or less in diame- 

 ter, globular or slightly flattened and resting directly upon the tissue of the host, 

 deep orange, shining, opening irregularly; peridium thin, minutely granular when 

 highly magnified, the interior surface more or less covered with yellow protoplasmic 

 nodules of variable size and refractive power; cai)illitium of a few thick, blunt, spar- 

 ingly branched, and irregular nodular hollow threads; spores orange yellow, adher- 

 ing in masses, smooth, 1^ toS m in diameter." 



Its affinities with Plasmodiophora, which causes club root, are indi- 

 cated, comparisons being drawn ))etween this organism and some recent 

 studies by Nawaschin on Plasmodiophora. 



But little is known concerning the remedies for this disease aside 

 from negative results. The author's and others' investigations have 

 shown that sulphur is of no avail as a remedy. From the position and 

 character of the disease it seems evident no remedy will completely 

 overcome it after an orchard is once attacked. The safest advice is to 

 see that young trees when planted in orchards are not infested and 

 have not come from known infested nurseries. Where the disease has 

 established itself in an orchard, the life of the trees ma}- be prolonged 

 for a time by cutting off the galls from the crowns of the roots and 

 covering the injury with a mixture of copper sulphate and lime in the 

 form of a thick paste. 



Stigmonose: A disease of carnations and other pinks, A. F. 

 Woods ( L\ S. Dept. Agr.^ Division of Vajetahle Physiology and PdthoJ- 

 ogy Bui. 19^2^P- 30^j)ls. 3, jigs. 5). — Previous publications by the author 

 on this same subject have been noted (E. S. E,., 9, pp. 657, 852). In the 

 present bulletin the investigations of Arthur and Bolley on this disease 

 have been thoroughly reviewed and no evidence found that this disease 

 is of bacterial origin. A full account is given of the investigations 

 conducted b}" the author, in which he found that the primary cause of 

 the disease was due to punctures made b}' aphides and thrips, while 

 another form of the disease is commonh^ caused by injuries produced 

 by red spiders. The effect of the disease on the plant as a whole 

 depends upon its vigor and the number of punctures, and the suscepti- 

 bility of different varieties to injur}^ seems to be, as a rule, proportionate 

 to the normal vigor of the variety. Methods are suggested for control- 

 ling the disease which can be successfully done by the proper selection 

 of cuttings, careful propagation of stock, good soil, proper amount of 

 moisture, light, and air, and by the reduction of aphides, thrips, and 

 red spiders to a minimum. 



Progress in the treatment of plant diseases in the United States, B. T. 

 Galloway {V. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook 1899, pp. 190-200, fig». 2). — A review is given 

 of the work for the past century on the treatment of plant diseases, from which it 

 appears that the greatest progress has been made within the past 15 years. The 

 beginnings of modern research are placed at about 1870, since whicli time great 

 activity has taken place both in the United States and abroad. The period between 

 1888 and 1895 is (;liaracterized as an epoch-making one on account of the rapid strides 

 made in discovering the causes of j)lant (lisea*!('S and methods for their prevention. 



