VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 489 



Prophylaxis of infectious diseases of animals, Nocard (Ulng. Agr. Gem- 

 hloux, 10 {1900), No. 11, pp. 657-676) .—The author diseusse.s in a general way methods 

 of producing immunity by means of the inoculation of pure or attenuated virus and 

 by serum therapy. 



Phagocytosis and the blood-destroying- leucocytes, C. Rouget ( Cornpt. Rend. 

 Soc. Biol. Paris, 52 {1900), No. 13, pp. .'y07-.i05).— A controversial article on the prob- 

 lem of the nutrition of leucocytes. The author believes that the phagocytes derive 

 nourishment preferably from dead material. 



The structure of bacteria, Feinberg {Centbl. Bakt. u. Par., 1. Aht., 27 {1900), 

 No. 12-13, pp. 417-426, pis. 5) . — The author made a study of a number of bacteria, 

 among which may be mentioned the anthrax bacillus and the tubercle bacillus. It 

 was found that in all cases a double stain could be used successfully on these organisms. 

 As these stains were such as are usually employed in differentiating nuclear and pro- 

 toplasmic substances in ordinary cells, it is concluded that bacteria possess a similar 

 differentiation of the cell body. 



Adaptation of pathogenic bacteria to different species of animals, T. Smith 

 {Sep. Philadelphia Med. Jour., 1900, May 5, pp. 12). — In this paper the author classi- 

 fies infectious diseases into 4 groups: Diseases common to man and animals and 

 transmissible from one to the other; diseases common to man and animals but 

 not transmissible; diseases transmitted from animals to man but usually not from 

 man to man; and symbiotic relations, requiring 2 hosts for the life cycle. 



The elimination of bacteria by means of the kidneys and liver, Metin 

 {Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 14 {1900), No. 6, pp. 415-419). — The organisms which were used 

 in these experiments included Bacillus snbtilis, Sfaplu/loccocus aureus, B. anthracis, 

 and B. prodigiosus. Great difKculty was experienced in devising a method for draw- 

 ing the urine directly from the bladder without allowing any blood to become mixed 

 with it. The method adopted by the author consisted in exposing the bladder by 

 laparotomy, cauterizing a small area of the wall of the bladder, and withdrawing the 

 urine by means of a fine-pointed needle. The experimental animals were rabbits 

 and guinea pigs. From a series of such experiments the author concludes that the 

 kidneys and liver are impermeable to bacteria introduced into the organism by either 

 intravenous or hypodermic methods. In cases where colonies of the micro-organism 

 which were injected into the experimental animal developed in test tubes this micro- 

 organism has become mixed with the bile or urine by means of a mechanical injury 

 to the surrounding tissues produced in securing this substance for examination. 



The rapidity of growth of the tubercle bacilli, P. Romer {Centbl. Bakt. u. Par., 

 1. Aht., 27 {1900), No. 20-21, pp. 705-^709).— The author found during experiments in 

 cultivating tubercle bacilli on different media that the most rapid growth was i)ro- 

 duced in a culture media in which the tubercle bacillus became covered with a slimy 

 film. 



The grovrth of the tubercle bacillus on acid brain culture media, M. Ficker 

 { ('entbt. Bakt. u. Par., 1. Aht., 27 {1900), Nos. 14-15, pp. 504-511; 16-17, pp. .591-597).— 

 During extensive investigations carried out by the author it was found that the 

 tubercle bacillus made a more vigorous growth on acid culture media prepared from 

 sputum, jiotatoes, blood serum, and various organs of the human and animal body 

 than upon neutral or alkaline culture media prepared from the same substances. On 

 acid brain culture media, consisting of agar or serum and brain substance, the tubercle 

 bacillus seemed to find especially favorable conditions for ra]Md and intense growth. 



The influence of the organism of cold-blooded animals on the bacillus of 

 human tuberculosis, V. Sion {Centbl. Bakt. u. Par., 1. Aht., 27 {1900), No. 20-21, 

 jtp. 710-720). — The author's experiments indicated clearly that the tubercle bacillus 

 does not produce any of the characteristic lesions of tuberculosis in frogs. The 

 bacillus does not become generally distributed through the body of these animals. 

 The author maintains that the tubercle bacillus does not undergo any changes in 



