CHEMISTRY. 5l5 



origin of this carliohydrate material, concluding- that it "does not 

 originate in admixed ovomucoid, but is derived from the substance 

 constituting the crystallized ovalbumin." 



" We have stated our belief that crystalHzed ovalbumin is a compound of some 

 acid with protein substance and consider it quite probable that this acid contains 

 the carbohydrate group. 



" AVe have been unable to obtain any evidence of carbohydrate in edestin, the crys- 

 tallized globulin of hemp seed, nor, according to Hammarsten, can a carbohydrate 

 be split from casein, vitellin, myosin, and fibrinogen. This subject requires further 

 careful study before a definite conclusion can be reached. At present the preponder- 

 ance of evidence indicates that the carbohydrate is not derived from the jjrotein 

 molecule, but from substances combined with the protein as it is obtained from the 

 tissues or secretions." 



On the chemical properties of the fat in Norwegian creamery 

 butter, F. lI.A\'r:KENSKiOLr)(^I^//'.s'(6c7'. Ojfent. Forand. Landhr. Fremnie, 

 1899, jy^p^ 117-127). — Samples of butter churned in 9 Norwegian cream- 

 eries were taken at regular intervals by authorized agents under 

 conditions that precluded chances for adulteration, 254 samples being 

 taken during 1S1H>. The following data show the extremes obtained 

 during the year: 



Specific gravity (at boiling point of water) 0. 8636- 0. 8678 



Specific gravity (at 100° F.) 9082- . 9130 



Refractive index (at 45° C. ) 39. -43. 7 



Volatile acids (Reichert-Wollny num])er) 21. 2 -34. 7 



The variations obtained are believed to be too narrow for Norwegian 

 butter. The author finds that poor nutrition, exposure to cold, and 

 dift'erences in the system of feeding practiced in summer and in winter 

 are the chief causes of the variations in composition. A higher 

 specific gravity and content of volatile acids and a lower refractive 

 index were obtained in winter than in summer in the case of all cream- 

 eries. As a general rule cold weather occurring when the cows were 

 on pasture depressed the specific gravity and the Reichert number and 

 increased the refractive index. — f. w. woll. 



A systematic handbook of volumetric analysis, F. Sutton {London: J. & A. 

 Churchill, 1900, pp. XI ^640, figs, iifi).— The eighth edition of this well-known 

 treatise, revised and enlarged. "A considerable number of additions and alterations 

 have been made to methods given in former editions, and several substances not pre- 

 viously treated have been introduced." 



The determination of nitrogen in nitrate of soda, O. Bottcher {Jour. Landw., 

 43 (1900) , Xo. 3, pp. 287-2S9) . — A reply to a criticism by L. von Wissell (see p. 510) 

 of the method projjosed by tlie author (the so-called Mockern method). 



A reply to the above remarks, L. von Wissell {Jour. Landw., 4S {1900), No. 3, 

 pp. 291, 293). 



Note on the determination of nitric nitrogen by Schloesing's method, C 

 Davidson {Chem. Xeirn, 81 {1900), No. 2101, pp. 97, 98, fig. 1). 



A modification of Peligot's absorption apparatus for ammonia determina- 

 tions, F. Pannertz {ZtHchr.AiKilyt. Chtnn., 39 {1900), Xo. 5, pp. 318-320, fig. 1).— 

 The lower U-tube of the Peligot apparatus is so arranged as to prevent regurgitation 

 of the liquid in the absorption bulb. — c. b. Williams. 



