HORTICULTUKE. 557 



An outline is given of the inaniifacturo of vinegar ])oth l)y the slow 

 and tlie quick fermentation processes. The product of the latter 

 process is apt to be more uniform, though the former possesses the 

 finer flavor and aroma. Tables of analyses are presented of pure cider 

 vinegar completely and incompletely fermented. The latter contains 

 alcohol. The adulteration of vinegars is shown, with tables of analj^ses 

 of the same. The most common adulterants are caramel, molasses, 

 sugar, glucose, and cider jelly. The presence of adulterants can usu- 

 ally be determined by polarized light. The methods of analysis are 

 explained and the results amplified by tables. 



Plums — a comparison of varieties, W. J. Green ( Ohio Sta. Bui. 

 113^ P2>. lol-l(J-).,ji(j.^. lo). — The station plum orchard was started in 

 1893. Up to the present time about 175 varieties have been planted 

 and nearly one-half of these bore fruit in 1899. The different varieties 

 are classified into groups, the characteristics of the groups noted, and 

 the varieties under each group which have been grown at the station 

 are characterized. Native plums are divided into several groups. It 

 is said of them that as a whole they are less injured by the curculio, 

 are not so liable to rot, and arc hardier than the European varieties. 

 They are infertile when planted alone, and where a few varieties are 

 planted care should be taken to select varieties which bloom at about 

 the same time in order to insure fertilization of the blossoms. The 

 following are considered the best varieties among the several groups: 

 Americana growp — American Eagle, Champion, Hawkeye, Illinois, 

 Ironclad, Louisa, Rollingstone, and Weaver. Miner grouj) — Forest 

 Rose, Miner, Prairie Flower. Wild Goose groivp — Choptank, Milton, 

 Poole Pride, Wild Goose, Whitaker. WaylaTid group — Golden Beauty, 

 Reed, Sucker State, Wayland, Moreman. O/iiehisa'w group — Newman, 

 Pottawattamie, Yellow Transparent. Tri-flora grouj)^ or Japanese 

 phims — Abundance, Chabot, Burbank, Ogon, Red June. Domestica 

 grou]) — Arch Duke, Bradshaw, Coe, Golden Drop, Grand Duke, Ger- 

 man Prune, Gueii, Imperial Gage, Lincoln, Prince of Wales, Reine 

 Claude de Bavay, Yellow Egg. Hybrid plurn — Gold and Juicy. 



An observation of the effects of nitrogenous fertilizers on Califor- 

 nia privet, W . E. Britton {Conjwcticuf State Sta. Rpt. 1899, pt. J, 

 pp. ^17., '218., fig. i).^In connection with the propagation of California 

 privet {Ligustrum ovalifoliunfi) for use as a hedge, observations were 

 made on the effect of nitrogen in the form of nitrate, cotton-seed meal, 

 and ground bone. The privet was grown in 5-in. pots of sandy soil, 

 practicalh' free from humus, to which 1 gm. of carbonate of lime, 0.8 

 gm. of dissolved l)oneblack, and 0.4 gm. of muriate of potash were 

 added. To a part of the pots 0.2 gm. of nitrogen was used in the form 

 of sodium nitrate, cotton-seed meal, or fine, hard, raw bone. Others 

 received no nitrogen. "The plants in soil to which nitrate had been 

 added were much larger than an}- others and the foilage was of a darker 



