SEEDS WEEDS. 563 



to the forests of Belgium, especially in the coppice. Three distinct varieties are 

 recognized, the one in which the leav^es are greatly elongated and stems more erect 

 being preferred to the others which are of lower or intermediate growth. 



The paper industry and forests, C. W. Lyman {Forester, 6 {1900), No. 6, pp. 

 125-130) . — The different sources of paper are briefly indicated and descriptions given 

 of some of the trees that are known to be of value as a source of wood pulp. The 

 processes of pulp manufacture are briefly described, and it is said that in 1899 there 

 were 197 mills in operation in 24 States, having an estimated daily capacity of 3,810 

 tons. The total consumption of timl^er for pulp manufacture is said to be about 

 800,000,000 ft. Large as this consumption appears, it is said to be but 0.4 of 1 per 

 cent of that consumed for lumber and fuel. 



Forest fires in 1899 {BnL Soc. Cent. Ford. Belg., 7 {1900), No. 1, pp. 61-63).— 

 During the season of 1899 the forest fires in Belgium Imrned over 373 hectares, causing 

 a loss of 94,100 francs. 



Unextinguished camp fires, C. S. Crandall {Forester, 6 {1900) , No. 3, pp. 65, 66). — 

 As a means for causing forest fires, the camp fire is discussed, and accounts are given 

 of a number of forest fires which can be traced to this source and also of several forest 

 fires which were prolmbly prevented by the discovery and extinguishing by the author 

 of fires that were beginning to spread from abandoned camps. 



Forest laws in the United States, T. Cleveland, .ir. {Forester, 6 {1900) , Nos. 7, 

 pp. 153-160; 8, pp. 183-186; 9, pp. 210-212; 10, pp. 238-240) .—The forest laws of 

 various States and of the Federal Government are briefly reviewed, together with the 

 results obtained in the application of these laws. As a conclusion to the review of the 

 various legal enactments, the author states that "the forest movement has acquired an 

 impetus that can not be checked. That movement has found effective expression in 

 State and Federal laws. These laws are laying the foundation for a perfect system of 

 forest management, and forest management has already reached practical success." 



SEEDS— WEEDS. 



Influence of varying the temperature on the germination of 

 seeds, W. KijsZel {Liiuhv. Ytr.^. Stat., oJ^ {1900), Xo. 1-2, j>p- l-^-'f-- 

 139). — Seeds of conifers, grasses, lupines, buckwheat, and hemp were 

 germinated under similar conditions except temperature. One lot was 

 kept uniformly at 20° C. , and the other at 80° for 6 hours, after which 

 the temperature fell to 20°. The effect of this treatment upon the 

 germinative energy and upon the total germinations is shown. The 

 germination of Phius i^ylvestrw was lower in the lot which had been 

 exposed to the higher temperature. With Picea excwl^d and Larix 

 sp. the germination was accelerated by the treatment, and in the case 

 of the latter the total germination was a few per cent higher. In the 

 case of the grasses the sprouting was diminished in the case of FeHtuca 

 ovina and both germinative energy and total germinations increased 

 with Holcus Immtii.^ and Anthoxcmthum odoratum. The germination of 

 Cynosurus c^'htatus was accelerated, but the totals were greatest for 

 the constant temperature. Contrary results were obtained with differ- 

 ent lots of lupine seed, and the hemp and buckwheat seed kept con- 

 stantly at 20° C. gave the best germinations. 



Tests of the vitality of vegetable seeds, PI H. Jenkins ( Connect- 

 icut State Sta. Rpt. 1899^ p^t. 3, pp. 298-304) ■ — A report is given on 



