578 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORt. 



In (lermany the j^ypf^v moth has never become so injurious as in the 

 United States, but the author suggests that it may ])ecome so at any 

 time. 



The methods for destroying the eggs of the gypsy moth which have 

 thus far been practiced are collecting and burning, painting with Rau- 

 penleim, and treatment with a mixture of tar and kerosene. The 

 author's chief objection to these methods is that some of the eggs in 

 each cluster ma}' be brushed from the tree and escape destruction. 

 He has devised a cheap and convenient apparatus which is claimed to 

 be well adapted for the destruction of the eggs. This consists of a 

 tank which holds about 200 cc. of kerosene. The escape pipe is in the 

 form of a small tube, and the whole apparatus may be carried in 

 the hand or at the end of a pole of any required length according to 

 the height of the Ggo; clusters. A string attached to a valve and 

 extending down the pole allows the operator to regulate the amount 

 of kerosene discharged upon each egg cluster. 



Washes and sprays for combating plant lice, woolly aphis, and 

 similar pests, E. Fleischer {Ztsrhr. J^faiinenkranl., 10 {1900), JTo. 

 2,pj?. 65-70). — The author conducted experiments with Halali, kero- 

 sene emulsion, Verminol, insect soaps, and Sapokarbol. A 2 per cent 

 solution of Halali was ineU'ective and the author found that in order 

 to destroy all insects a 16 per cent solution must be emplo3'ed. The 

 substance was found to be somewhat injurious to the plant tissues. 

 The kerosene emulsion employed contained extracts of tobacco or 

 quassia. A 5 per cent solution was found to be very effective and did 

 not cause injury to the plants. The author believes that Halali is a 

 very good remedy for plant lice, but that the practical objection to it is 

 the high price. The kerosene 'emulsion, Verminol, and insect soap are 

 not believed to possess advantages which outweigh their costliness. 

 The author especially recommended Sapokarbol as a remedy for the 

 destruction of woolly aphis. 



A test of spray nozzles, N. O. Booth {Missouri Sta. Bui. 50., pp. 

 85-115., Jigs. 10). — A comparative study was made of 30 kinds of noz- 

 zles from different manufacturers, with reference to the following- 

 points: Height of spray or distance which the spray could be thrown 

 perpendicularly with various pressures; width, shape, and distribution 

 of the spray at the point where it was considered most efficient; size 

 of the drops; amount of liquid discharged by each nozzle in a given 

 time; liability of the nozzle to clog; liability to dribble; durability, 

 and method of attachment. 



The author classities the different nozzles in the following manner: 

 Class I. Nozzles which throw a solid more or less round stream. 

 Class 11. Nozzles in which the spray is somewhat broken directh' b}^ 

 the action of the margin of the outlet. Class III. Nozzles in which 

 the stream, after having passed the outlet proper, is broken into a 



