632 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



best results. Two seasons out of 5 the plat not tilled gave better 

 3'ields than any of the tilled plats, while 4 3'ears out of 5 the plat 

 receiving- sowed dirt gave better yields than the plat receiving no 

 tillage. 



The experiments in hilling v. level culture cover a period of 7 

 years. Some plats were given level culture or hilled one wa}^ while 

 others were given level culture or hilled both ways. The average 

 results are in favor of level culture both ways. For 8 years corn has 

 been planted in hills at the rates of 3, 6, and 9 kernels per hill, respec- 

 tively. The yield of corn fodder obtained each year is tabulated. 

 The result in favor of planting 6 kernels to the hill was so decisive 

 in the average of the 8 years that the authors feel justified in drawing 

 the conclusion that seeding under or over this amount will not give 

 as good results. Results secured at other stations in tests of hill v. 

 drill culture of corn are discussed. In general they "show but very 

 little difference between hill and drill planting." 



Corn silage, sugar beets, and mangels— a comparison of their 

 yield and cost of production, H. J. Waters and E. H, Hess {Penn- 

 fiyJvania Sta. lipt. 1899^ ]j}). 10.lf.-l 11). — Further data on the cost of 

 growing and 3'ield of dry and digestible matter per acre of corn, sugar 

 beets, and mangels are given (E. S. R., 6, p. 446). Three varieties of 

 corn and one each of sugar beets and mangels were grown on an upland 

 clay soil of moderate fertility, uniformh' prepared and fertilized. A 

 portion of the corn was grown on unfertilized land and the results 

 included in the general averages with corn. The corn was grown in 

 rows 42 in. apart with the kernels 14 in. distant in the row. When 

 harvested it was hauled to the barn, cut into f in. lengths, and ensiled. 

 "The beets were planted in rows 34 in. apart and thinned to one plant 

 every 7 to 10 in. in the row. The}' were cultivated with a horse hoe 6 

 times and hand-weeded twice. All vacancies were filled b}^ transplant- 

 ing." The yield of green and dr}' matter for each crop is tabulated, 

 and the relative cost of production compared. 



The 3"ield of air-dry substance of the mangels averaged 4,554 lbs. 

 per acre, sugar beets 4,683 lbs. per acre, and corn 6,763 lbs. per acre. 

 It is thus seen that the corn idelded about 46.6 per cent more dry mat- 

 ter than the roots. Taking the averages obtained with the corn per 

 acre as a unit, it is calculated that it would require 1.40 acres of man- 

 gels or 1.44 acres of sugar beets to produce as nmch dr\' matter as one 

 acre of corn. 



The cost of the labor and material required to grow, harvest, and 

 store the beets was at the rate of $57.54 per acre, while the cost of 

 growing and ensiling corn was $16.17 per acre. "In other words, 

 4,615 lbs. of air-dr}' substance in roots cost $57.56 as compared with 

 6,763 lbs. of corn at a cost of $16.17." Or. reduced to a uniform 

 basis, it cost 5.17 times as nmch to produce lOO lbs. of air-dry sub- 

 stance in the roots as in the corn. 



