FORESTRY. 651 



Report of the commissioner of forestry, ,1. T. Rothrock {Pen it - 

 sylvania De^A. Agr. Rpt. lS99^pt. Upj^- 1'2S-139). — Brief accounts are 

 g'iven of forestry operations which have been begun. An attempt has 

 been made to start pUmtations of Carolina pophirs {Prqjulux dtlfo^dts) 

 for paper manufacture. Attention is called to the value of the chest- 

 nut as a source for tanning extracts, and the effect of forest tires in 

 destro^'ing' this ci'op. 



The losses hy forest tires in Pennsylvania during- the j^ear 1898 are 

 mentioned, from which it appears that 22,853 acres were burned over 

 at a loss of |53,0(X). The timber cut during the same period was 

 130,000 acres, including 107,000,000 ft. (b. m.) of white pine, 858,000.000 

 ft. of hemlock, 410,000,000 ft. of other lumber, and 531,000 cords of 

 bark peeled. 



An estimate is made of the timber lands as they now exist in the 

 State, the area Ijeing given by counties. From the tabular statement 

 given, it appears that there are 2,765,000 acres of full-grown timber 

 land, 2,!>11,00() acres of half -grown timber land, and 1,113,000 acres of 

 brush land. 



Some cooperative experimients -with forest tree seeds, G. C. 

 BuTZ {Ptiiihsijlvait/a Sta. Rpt. ISO'.) ^ pp. '2'27-'2Jf4). — A report is given 

 of cooperative experiments begun in the fall of 1896 in connection with 

 the Division of Forestry of this Department. The plan of the experi- 

 ment was to studj' the climatic effect upon several widely distributed 

 .species of forest tree seedlings. The species chosen for the lirst year's 

 planting were black walnut, bur oak, hickor^^, honey locust, box elder, 

 green ash, and white ash. Tabulated data are given showing the 

 results of the different plantings, in which the time of germination, 

 height of tallest seedlings, average rate of growth, effect of spring 

 frost, and date of fall of the leaves of each species are given. Com- 

 parisops are noted showing the results of fall and spring planting of 

 seeds. The spring planted seeds were stratified during the winter, and 

 in the case of the walnut, bur oak, box elder, and W'hite ash, the spring 

 planting gave the highest average of germinations. 



Forest protection and restoration, T. P. Lukexs {ForeMei\ 6 

 (lOUO), 2'o. J, pj/. 100, 10 1). — The forest conditions of southern Cali- 

 fornia are briefly reviewed, and it is urged that means should be taken 

 to repair the injur^^ due to forest fires, overpasturing, etc. In refor- 

 esting this region, the author suggests the planting of pine seeds on 

 burned areas as soon as possible, in order that the trees may keep above 

 the brush growth which follows forest fires. Growing at different 

 tdtitudes. it is said that different species of pines, cedars, spruces, and 

 firs ma}' be found adapted to the conditions found in that region. This 

 reforestation, it is believed, can be donc^ at no great expense, ^20 per 

 acre being the estimated cost of seed and all labor. 



Forest influence on water flow, H. S. Graves {Forester, 6 {1900), 

 No. 5, 2*V' 11-^' 11^)- — ^ V)rief report is given of an investigation of the 



