DISEASES OF PLANTS. 655 



in Au.straliu. In all, 82 species of fungi have been identified, 51 of 

 which are new to science. Of these, 38 are said to be parasitic on 

 different parts of citrus trees or fruits. 



False melanose, anthracnose, sooty mold, black scurf, scabbing, 

 wither tip, bark blotch, collar rot, and root rot of lemon are described 

 at considerable length. The false melanoae, which attacks not only 

 the fruit but leaves and young shoots, is said to be due to Gladosporium 

 hninneo-atrum^ n. sp. The anthracnose, which is attributed to PJioma 

 cltricarpa, n. sp., is said to be quite common on fruits sold in the 

 vicinity of Melbourne and Sydney. It causes considerable damage to 

 the orange and lemon crops, spreading i-apidly from fruit to fruit and 

 from tree to tree. It is not to be confused with the leaf spot occur- 

 ring in Florida on sweet and wild orange trees, which is caused by 

 attacks of Colletrotrichum adustum. The sooty mold of oi-ange and 

 lemon, caused by Cajmodium citricolum^ is described at considerable 

 length, and the relation between this disease and certain insects 

 pointed out. The black scurf of citrus fruits is caused by Ckmio- 

 thtciam scabrum, n. sp. The s3'mptoms of this disease are said to be 

 verj^ characteristic. It first begins as small black depressions, caus- 

 ing the skin over a considerable area to become a yellowish green. It 

 gradually spreads and forms large sooty, black patches, the epidermis 

 cracking into minute irregular areas. In addition to making the fruit 

 very unsightly, it renders it extremely liable to saprophytic fungi, 

 causing deca3\ The scabbing of fruits and leaves is described, in 

 which 11 difi'erent species of fungi are concerned, (3 of which are 

 found upon the leaf. The wither tip of orange and lemon is attrib- 

 uted to Phoma omnivora, n. sp. It resembles to some extent the 

 disease known in Florida as die-back, and the striking differences 

 between the two are pointed out. 



The lemon bark blotch, due to Ascochyta corticola, n. .sp., i& 

 described. In this disease the trees from the collar upward for or 8 

 in. become shriveled and studded with small brownish, thickly 

 clustered bodies. The disease finally works all around the tree and 

 the tree dies. 



The collar rot, caused by Fusarlwn limonis, and the root rot of 

 lemon, due to Plioma omnivora, are described. In part 2 technical 

 descriptions of all the fungi found upon citrus trees are given. 



The G-raphiola disease of palm leaves, K. von Tubeuf {Garten- 

 tJora^ Jfi {1900)^ Xo. 6', j)!-)- l¥>-l'^0,Jig. i).^The author describes a 

 disease of palm leaves which is characterized by the appearance of 

 small black areas on both sides of the leaves. These occurring very 

 abundantly give a blackened and unsighth^ appearance to the leaves 

 and ultimately cause their destruction. The disease seems to be widely 

 distributed and is caused b}" Gmpldola j:>h(jcnici8^ which occurs princi- 

 pally on the leaves of Gltanuvroim hujiiilw, but has not been previously 



