FOODS ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 665 



skeletonizer, spotted vine chafer, brown-backed skeletonizer, grapevine leaf folder, 

 rose chafer, and grape-berry moth. Formulas are given for preparing Bordeaux 

 mixture, ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate, potassium sulphid, Paris green, 

 kerosene emulsion, hellebore, and pyrethrum. 



Some results of experiments in spraying at the Central Experiment Farm 

 in 1899, W. T Macoun {Ontario Fruit Growers' Assoc. Rpt. 1899, pp. 100-109). — 

 During experiments in spraying trees with whitewash to determine the effect of this 

 substance in retarding bug development in early spring, it was noticed that the oyster- 

 shell bark louse, which had resisted all other insecticide applications, was entirely 

 destroyed. The whitewash was made of 6 gal. of skim milk, 24 gal. of water, and 

 60 lbs. of lime. The author believes that this remedy may prove effective in com- 

 bating the San Jose scale. Brief notes are given on the means of distribution of the 

 codling moth. 



The advantages of fumigation, J. AV. Jeffrey {California Cultivator, 15 {1900), 

 No. 7, pp. 97, 103). — A popular discussion of the method of fumigation and of prac- 

 tical advantages derived from its application. 



A note on the use of bisulphid of carbon on a large scale, V. Vermorel 

 {Note sur I'emploi du sulfure de carbone en grande culture. Villefranche {Ehdne) and 

 Montpellier: Progres Agricole et Viticole [1900}, pp. 12). — This pamphlet contains a 

 brief account of the value of bisulphid of carbon in treating grapevines for phylloxera 

 and in similar applications of this substance. The influence of bisulphid of carbon 

 upon the soil is also discussed. 



Insecticide methods, H. E. Summers {Iowa Sta. Bui. 50, pp. 13-23) . — The author 

 presents a general account of mechanical and chemical methods for combating inju- 

 rious insects. Among the former are included barriers, trunk washes, worming, 

 hopperdozers, burning, and hand picking. Among the chemical methods reference 

 is made to Paris green, London purj^le, arsenite of lime, arsenate of lead, resin lime 

 mixture, kerosene, kerosene emulsion, tobacco infusion, whale-oil soap, pyrethrum, 

 hydrocyanic-acid gas, carbon bisulphid, and Bordeaux mixture. 



Russian literature in entomology since 1896, N. Kulagin {Opuit o liiera- 

 turyepo nasyekomuim zal896. Moscow: Ministrij of Agriculture and Imperial Domains, 

 1900, pp. 61; abs. in Selsk. Khoz. i Lyesov, 196 (1900), March, pp. 719,^ 720). 



FOODS— ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



Cellulose and pentosans in feeding stuffs, I. Shirokikh (Selsk. 

 Khoz. i Lyesov., 195 {1899), Oct., pp. 121-lU)-—^'^^ gi'eat diversity 

 of views regarding the nutritive value of cellulose is, in the opinion of 

 the author, largely due to the fact that the crude fiber has been con- 

 sidered, rather than the cellulose and the pentosans separatel}'. He 

 reports an investigation in which these were considered separatel}". 



To study the digestion of cellulose, experiments were made with 

 sheep and rabbits. The sheep were fed from 4 to 7 days and then 

 killed 6 to 12 hours after the last meal. The digestive organs, with 

 their contents, were then detached and cut into 13 parts. The con- 

 tents of each part were weighed separately, then dried and analyzed. 

 When ha}' and coarse fodders were fed, it was found that while the 

 food is in the paunch a larger or smaller part of the cellulose (up to 

 one-third of the total quantity) dissolves, and in the third stomach a 

 smaller percentage of it is found than in the food as eaten. As the 



