FERMENTATION BACTERIOLOGY. 721 



Other bacteria were observed which are believed to have a .share in 

 raising- the fermentation teuiperatun^ and also connected with the fer- 

 mentativ(> processes. 



Formation and structure of bacterial spores, Muiilsciiegel 

 {CentU. BaU. u. Par., 2. AU., 6 {1000), Ms. 3,pj). 65-71; -k, jpp. 97- 

 108). — Spore formation is said to be usually preceded by the appear- 

 ance of globules in the protoplasm, after which toward one pole there 

 appears a gray speck having approximately the same size as the future 

 spore when the globules disappear. Spore formation is apparently 

 brought about under the incentive of a nucleus, by the combination of 

 the globules with the interstitial plasma. This may be demonstrated 

 b}' staining reagents. The structural dilferentiation of the spore pro- 

 ceeds from within outward, ending in the formation of a membrane 

 composed of 2 la^^ers, the endosporium and the ectosporium. The 

 ditficulties frequently experienced in staining spores is said to be due 

 in great measure to the resistance of the spore plasma and in a lesser 

 degree to the membrane. The endosporium is stained with difScult}^ 

 and may allow pigments to permeate it without its becoming afl'ected. 

 The endosporium is converted into the sheath of the young rod and 

 the ectosporium is cast off during germination. 



Studies in systematic bacteriology, F. D. Checter {Delavxire Sta. Bpl. 1899, 

 pji. o4-'>2). — The uutlior has df voted considerable time in perfecting a method of 

 bacterial investigation and in devising a scheme for bacterial description. The result 

 of his labor is given in the report. The outline he proposes for the study of system- 

 atic bacteriology follows very closely the Migula system with few mcxlitications. A 

 number of terms are proposed and delined which the author thinks will prove useful ' 

 in descriptive bacteriology. A proposed synopsis is given of the groups of bacteria, 

 in which the groujis of the genera Bacterium, Bacillus, Pseudomcinas, Microsi^ira, 

 and Mycobacterium are distinguished. 



Descriptions of certain species of bacteria isolated from cultivated soil, F. 

 D. Chester {Delaware Sta. Bj>t. 1S99, pp. 52-75, ph. 2). — Descriptions of a number 

 of soil bacteria are given, the following being described as new: Bacterium fermen- 

 tatiorm, B. radiaium, B. amhigwtrn, Bncillu-9 delavariensis, B. soli, and MicroKpira 

 tenuis. 



A key to species of bacteria, L. Heim (.16.s\ in '/Axclir. Aiujeo:. Mlkro.^., (1900), 

 No. 7, pp. 18S-191). — Brief keys are given for the recognition of the more common 

 species of Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Sarcina, Bacterium, Bacillus, and Spirillum. 



Bacteria, A. Ramsey {Sei. Boll, 1 {1900), No. 1, pp. 1-32).— X general bibliog- 

 raphy of bat'teriological literature is given. The tojiics are arranged chronologically 

 and the entries in the present number cease with 1S75. 



Bacteria as friends and foes of the higher plants, T. 31. Fries {Sremla Inld- 

 gArdsfi),-. Tidahr., 1900, Nos. 1, pp. 8-6; 2, pp. 20-25). 



On the structure of bacteria, Feinberg (Jno^ vl«zc/_7e)', 17 {1900), No. 12-1.'/, 

 pp. 225-237, pU. 5). — From .studies of the bacilli of anthrax, tuberculosis, swine 

 plague, and of other organisms, the author concludes that bacteria possess a differ- 

 entiated plasma and nuclear structure. 



Researches on nitrifying organisms, K. De.moushy {A)m. Aijron., 26 {1900), 

 No. 6, pp. 295-316). — Eesumcs are givi'u of the following articles which appeared in 

 Arch. Sci. Biol. Rustse during 1899: On the culture of the nitrifying organisms of 



