DISEASES OF PLANTS. 763 



are due to the spores of the fungus and not to a perennial m3'celiuni as 

 was formerly believed. 



Leaf curl has been successfully treated since about 18S0 and copper 

 sulphate sprays are found to be more effective than sulphur or other 

 fungicides. On the whole, Bordeaux mixture in the proportion of 5 

 lbs. of copper sulphate, 5 lbs. of lime, and 46 gal. of water, gives the 

 best results. This should be applied shortly before the opening of the 

 fresh buds. In this way 95 to 9S per cent of the spring foliage may be 

 saved. By thorough spra^-ing with Bordeaux mixture, gains of 

 $427.80 per acre are recorded where trees were planted at distances 25 

 ft. each way. The trees should be spraj^ed each season, as the experi- 

 ments prove that treatment one season may not prevent disease the fol- 

 lowing 3'ear. The proper time for winter spraying and the number of 

 applications depend on the locality, season, etc., but the most good is 

 likely to follow if applied from 1 to 3 weeks before the opening of the 

 blossoms in the spring. A proper time to apply the spra}' is in calm 

 weather, during the middle of the day. Of nearly 200 varieties of 

 peach and nectarine examined, it was found that ver}^ few were wholly 

 free from this disease, while some were very subject to it; but it was 

 demonstrated that a single winter treatment will prevent disease even 

 upon those varieties which are most subject to it. 



Treatment for the prevention of brunissure, E. Zacharewicz 

 {Frog. Agr. ct Yli. {Ed. L Ed), 21 {1900), jYo. 1^7, 'pp. 637, 638).— An 

 account is given of experiments to combat brunissure in vineyards 

 whose 5aeld of grapes had greatly depreciated on account of this 

 disease. In October, 1898, the vines were given a thorough spray- 

 ing with a 30 per cent solution of iron sulphate. In November a 

 fertilizer composed of sulphate of potash, superphosphate of lime, and 

 plaster was given the different vines, followed in March by an appli- 

 cation of nitrate of soda. A second spraying was given, in which a 20 

 per cent solution of iron sulphate was used. In 1899 the vines which 

 had received this treatment were much more vigorous than the others, 

 and the yield was materially increased, although the disease had not 

 entirely disappeared. A similar treatment was given them in 1900 

 with very satisfactory results, the disease having almost entirely disap- 

 peared on the treated vines, although abundant on those not having 

 been given any preventive treatment. 



Carnation-stem rot, F. W. Card and G. E. Adams {Rhode Island 

 Sta. Rpt. 1899, pp. 131-135). — A series of experiments are reported 

 upon which were conducted in 1899 with the hope of ascertaining 

 methods for caring for carnations which are attacked by stem rot 

 caused by different species of fungi. Fifteen hundred cuttings of a 

 very susceptible variety (Flora Hill) were secured and divided into 

 lots of 100 each and submitted to different treatments. Healthy and 

 diseased cuttings were grown in clean sand and sand on which carna- 



