DAIEY FARMING DAIRYING. 785 



and the manner in which it agreed with people. A nunil^er of feed- 

 ing stuffs were also tested. In no case was the taste ol- the tolerance 

 of the milk affected by feeding large quantities of caraway, fennel, 

 anise, gentian, onion, lactic acid, or butyric acid. Methyl Adolet was 

 transmitted from the food to the milk, but most other coloring mat- 

 ters gave negative results. An undesirable taste in the milk of some 

 cows was not corrected by changing the food or giving large quanti- 

 ties of ground oats. No disturbances in the agreement of the milk 

 with the children receiving it could be attributed to changes in the 

 food, and none of the feeding stuff's used, including cotton-seed meal, 

 palm-nut cake, and sesame cake, imparted any taste to the milk; 

 neither did these make any material change in the fat content of the 

 milk. The milk of individual cows was found to differ considerably 

 in taste and in the way in which it agreed with children. The milk 

 of some cows was considerably off' ffavor, the reason for this being 

 attributed to special chemical properties of the constituents and the 

 presence of unorganized ferments. In practice it is recommended to 

 use the milk as quickly as practicable and to employ mixed milk 

 from a large number of animals in order to diminish as far as possible 

 any objectionable quality. 



The production of aseptic milk, Backhaus and O. Appel {Ber. 

 Landin. Injit. Univ. Konlgsfjerg, 5 {1900), pp. 73-102). — This was 

 largely a bacteriological study of the organisms in milk produced 

 under various conditions. It was found possible, by the observance 

 of every precaution in the care of stables and handling of the cows and 

 the milk, to produce milk of relatively low germ content. A number 

 of factors which inffuence this are noted. The germ content was found 

 to be much larger in summer than in winter. Bacteria multiplied 

 more rapidly in wooden buckets than in tin cans, but in the case of 

 new buckets tannin was believed to check the action after a time. 

 The germ content was not increased by feeding green fodder. Better 

 results were obtained with hand milking than with the use of milking 

 tubes, the latter giving a higher germ content at -i different stages of 

 the milking. A considerable number of trials with fractional milking 

 showed the germ content to decrease regularl}' as the milking pro- 

 gressed, and in a few cases the last portion was sterile. The former 

 recommendation to separate the ffrst quarter from the last three-quar- 

 ters is confirmed. As the result of fractional milkings the authors con- 

 clude that the milk in the udder of healthy cows is sterile. Sterile 

 milk and water introduced into the udder suff'ered no change, and it is 

 believed that the conditions within the udder are unfavorable to the 

 life of the germs most commonly found in milk. 



The Cambridge Sentinel milk sterilizer {.lour. Expt. Med., ^ 

 {1899), JSfo. £, p. 217; abs. in Nature, 63 {1900), No. 1634, p. 166). ~ 

 This is a simple sterilizer made for domestic use. In one form a bell 



