METEOROLOGY CLIMATOLOGY, 



833 



liniiifaU and clilorin content of rainivdti'r at Cirencester, England. 



Rainfall, 

 inches. 



Chlorin, in 

 parts per 

 million. 



Equivalent 



to NaCl, 



grains per 



gallon. 



Equivalent 



to NaCl, 



lbs. per 



acre. 



Mean of 11 winter periods to March, 1900 



Mean of 14 summer periods to September, 1900 



Yearly average of 14 years to September. 1900 



MeanOf '-'(I winter periods to March, 1900 



Mean of 2ii summer periods to ^>eiitember, 1900 



Yearlv average of 20 vears, October 1, 1874, to Sep 

 tem'ber 30, 1900 



14.26 



12. 78 

 27.04 

 15. S3 

 14. 78 



30.01 



3.55 

 2.27 

 2.91 

 3.76 

 2. 58 



3.17 



0.412 

 .261 

 .337 

 . 435 

 .302 



. 3C>9 



19. 35 

 10.40 

 29. 75 

 21.29 

 14. 81 



.36. 10 



"It will 1)6 seen that the total deposit of clilorids i.s distinctly greater in the winter 

 months than in the summer months, this lieing largely dependent on the prevalence 

 of S. W. gales from the Bristol Cliannel. . . . 



" Taking all the clilorids as being in the form of sodium chlorid, the yearly aver- 

 age deposit of common salt per acre for the past 26 years has been 36 lbs., and for the 

 past 14 yearo it has been nearly 30 lbs." 



Rain, river, and evaporation observations in Nev^ South Wales, 



1898, H. C. KUSSELL {lAj)t. l'ah//'r ///.S., JLt. Xnr South Wales. 



Hesults of ram., 7'ive)\ mid evaporation observations made in New South 

 ^yale8 during 1898. Sidney: Government., 1900, 2)J>- 55-\-235, dr/ms. 7). — 

 Rainfall and river observations at 1,581 stations, 1,517 of which are 

 voluntary, are reported in detail. Readings of tide gages at 3 places 

 are also reported. The average rainfall for the Colon}" during 1898 

 was 20.51 in., as against an average for 28 years of 21.85 in., being 

 the fourth successive drought year. The rainfall increases notably with 

 the location and elevation, the highest average rainfall recorded, 61 in., 

 occurring just at the foot of a range of mountains 1,000 to 6,000 ft. high, 

 against which the trade winds blow. Observations on evaporation from 

 water surfaces at 10 places and also on wind movement at some of these 

 places are recorded. The evaporators used are thus described: 



"The vessels used are tanks 4 ft. in diameter and 3 ft. deep set into the ground 

 2 ft. 11 in., leaving 1 in. above the ground to prevent surface water running in. The 

 float is of glass, and has a light brass tube extending upward through two guide holes. 

 Above it is a screw gage so constructed that contact can be made with the top of the 

 float rod, and the exact height of it to one-thousandth of an inch read off without a 

 vernier. This is effected by having ten threads to the inch in the screw and the head 

 working on it divided into 100, and therefore showing thousandths of an inch." 



The total evaporation recorded during 1898 varied from 33.993 to 

 82.933 in. The mean temperature of the Colony for 1898 was 62.6^ F. 

 As regards long-range forecasts in New South Wales, the author states: 



"I am fully convinced that a complete record of the rainfall will enable us to fore- 

 i'ast the seasons with some show of success, provided, of course, that the extended 

 knowledge of our rainfall is concurrent with a careful study of Australian and tropical 

 weather, which is now in progress. . . . Further study will, there is reason to 

 expect, explain the reason for dry years and when to expect them.^' 



On the importance of aqueous vapor and carbon dioxid in their relation to 

 absorption by the atmosphere, K. Angstrom [Ann. P}(ijs.,4. ser., 3 {1900), Xo. 12, 



