866 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. 



an abserfce of soluble 3'ellow coloring- matter, while chloropli3-ll grains 

 were present in abundance. A similar local checking of the ripening 

 process was also observed on varieties of apples attacked by various 

 fungi. In investigating the red spots, 2 forms were distinguished. 

 The one is in the cavities in either end of the fruit, while the other 

 was found on the convex surface of the fruit. In the former case, the 

 spots were elongated and arranged somewhat in a radial manner about 

 the center of the cavit3% while in the second case, the spots were more 

 nearly round. The San Jose scale was found to produce the largest 

 and most intensel}" colored spots. In these respects the Putnam scale 

 comes second in the series, and the Forbes scale third. The form of 

 the spots produced ])y the scurfy scale is peculiar, appearing nearly 

 as a double spot in each case. The author believes that the formation 

 of red spots is due to a hastening of the maturation process, which 

 takes place at the point where the beak of the insect is inserted. The 

 stable carboh3^drates are believed to be changed by means of enzvms 

 which come from the infecting insects. 



The author further discusses the various forms of local swellings and 

 excrescences produced on fruits and other vegetable tissues by the 

 attacks of various scale lice. 



Economic and biological notes on Simeethis nemorana {^Vuove 

 Relaz. R. Staz. Ent. Agr.^ 1. ser., 1900, No. 2,pxj. 305-328, fgs. lli.,])l. 

 1). — This insect is distributed most abundanth", according to the author, 

 through central Europe, while France and Italv seem to suffer most 

 from its attacks. The host plant is the tig. The author describes the 

 insect in all its stages. The insect attacks the buds, leaves, and bark 

 of the tender twigs of the fig. The conditions most favorable for the 

 development and wide distribution of this insect are an abundance of 

 the fig and sunn3' localities well protected from the wind. The insect 

 parasites which assist most materiall3^ in checking the ravages of this 

 fig insect 2iVc Angltla armlUata^ Pimjjla alternant, Phceogenes Impiger^ 

 and 2£asicera casta. 



A number of insecticides were used in combating this insect, among 

 which the following may be mentioned: Soap 2 kg., wat(U' 100 liters; 

 soap Ih kg., carbon ])isulphid 0.3 liter, water loo liters; alkaline tar 2 

 kg., water 100 liters; alkaline tar 1^ kg., bisulphid of carbon 0.8 liter, 

 water 100 litei's. 



Observations on the development and use of the locust fungus 

 in G-erman southwest *<^frica, Kickmaxn and Kaesew^ukm {Notlzbl. K. 

 Bot. Gartens v. Mas.^JJrrlin, 3 {1900) JVo. 2J^.j>j}. G5-7Ji).—T\i(i authors 

 received 50 test tubes containing cultures of the locust fungus from 

 Cape Colon3'. Experiments were made in transferring this material 

 to other test tubes for the purpose of o))taining pure cultures. Micro- 

 scopic examinations of the materiul showed tliat the fungus was closeh^ 

 related to Mucor TacemoHus. Experiments with this fungus indicated 



