918 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Deep culture (to a depth of 27 em.) of fallows in April and Ma}' resulted 

 in an increase of soil moisture during the whole year. The deeper the 

 culture the more pronounced was the eflfect in conserving moisture. 

 The soils were driest under green fallow. Black fallow and April fal- 

 low resulted in increased growth of crops and gave better yields than 

 Ma}^ fallow. Winter wheat on soil which had been subjected to deep 

 cultivation was not injured by the spring drought, while summer wheat 

 was severely injured l)y lack of moisture. Mulching proved to be an 

 effective means of conserving soil moisture. Applications of manure 

 proved injurious, soils to which maiuire had been applied containing 

 considera])ly less moisture than that which had been nmlched. The 

 culture of low-growing plants among those of larger growth gave very 

 unsatisfactory results. Corn following carrots gave better 3'ields than 

 that following beets. This is ascribed to the fact that carrots exhausted 

 the moisture of the soil less than beets. 



Work at the station of agricultural climatology of Juvisy dur- 

 ing the year 1899, C. Flammarion {BuI. Mln. A(jr. \Fr((nc<'\. 10 (IDOO), 

 No. 5, pp. 868-888, figs. 11).— As in previous years (E. S. R., 11, p. S19), 

 the author reports observations on temperature of the air and of the 

 soil at different depths, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation, rainfall, 

 underground water, and photography of clouds. The temperature for 

 each day of 1899 and the means for 15 years (1885-1899) are reported 

 in tables, and results for the whole year, for the seasons, and for the 

 15-vear period are platted and discussed in some detail. Observations 

 on the temperature of bare and sod soils at different depths were con- 

 tinued during the year with results which confirm previous observa- 

 tions, which showed that especially in the upper la3^er the sod soil was 

 warmer in winter and colder in summer than the bare soil. The sun- 

 shine recorded for the year was 1,853 hours, furnishing 147,199 calories. 

 The total rainfall was 418.1: mm. in 1899 as compared with 539.1 mm. 

 in 1898. The number of days on which rain fell was 98. The year 

 was very dry, especially during the months of February, March, and 

 November. The observations on underground waters were the same 

 as in previous years. These observations show tiiat the temperature 

 of the underground water at a depth of 14 metei's is higiier than that 

 of the atmosphere at that point. The photographing of clouds of 

 different types was continued during the year. Reproductions of two 

 such photographs are given. 



Meteorological observations, J. E. Ostrander and C. L. Rice 

 {Maxxachasetts Hatch St<i. Mri. Bnls. lJt2, lJi3., lli-J^.^'pp- h-cf^c^*)- — !^um- 

 maries of observations on pressure, temperature, humidity, precipita- 

 tion, wind, sunshine, cloudiness, and casual phenomena during Octol)cr, 

 November, and Decem])er, 1900. The gencM'al character of the weather 

 of each mouth is briefly discussed, and the Di-cciuber bulletin gives a 



