HORTICULTURE, 1045 



Newton Pippin hybrids in New York (Aiiifr. (jiinl., .?,? {1901), No. .?;?;?, ^7. 

 1^J4) ■ — Notes (in Nc'wtnii I'ijtpiu liyliriil apples grown on selected seedlings from 

 Newton Pipj)iii crossed on Nortliern Spy, Rhode Island (ireening, and Russets. 

 The hy1)rids are believed to Ije very important additions to our list of apples. 



International fruit exhibit at Paris ( Wurtciiilmrg. WchvhI. Landw., lUOO, No. 

 47, p. 7J:>). — A comparison of American and (xerman apples. 



Mineral constituents of apples and pears, K. Hotter (Ztxclir. Ldiidir. Ver~ 

 Kiirhsir. Oesterr., 3 {1900), No. 5, pp. 5S3-585). — -A tal)le is given showing the summa- 

 rized ash analyses of the fresh and dry substance of several varieties of apjik^s and 

 ])ears. 



The pear tree — study of its method of fructification, C. Tkebi(;naitd {Jarditt, 

 14 {1901), No. S.l.-', ]>p. 380-382, fujx. ..-'). — The Aariety Passe-Crassane was studied 

 e.specially. 



Essential principles of pear culture in the Hudson River Valley, J. R. 

 Cornell {Rural' New Yorkn-, 00 {1901), No. 21107. p. 103).— The author advises the 

 use of only standard trees set 20 ft. apart each way. Phosphoric acid, potash, and 

 crimson clover are the fertilizers used. The most desirable varieties are Elizabeth, 

 Bartlett, Seckel, and Bosc, mentioned in the decreasing order of their importance. 



Pruning in place of thinning {Pacific Rural Press, 61 {1901), No. 9, p. 129). — 

 Spring pruning peaches after the fruit had set was compared with winter pruning 

 and the fruits thinned Ijy hand. The spring pruned peaches were larger than the 

 winter jiruned, and the conclusion is reached that s])ring pruning can replace winter 

 jtruning and thus save the cost of hand thinning. 



Report of the horticulturist, H. H. Hume {Florida Sta. RjJt. 1899 and 1900, pp. 

 25-30, fiijs. 3). — A l)rief account of citrus experiments under way, pecan culture in 

 Florida, and on 3 native plants for decorative purposes. Fifty navel and sweet 

 oranges have been budded on 5 different kinds of stock, viz, pomelo, sour orange, 

 rough lemon, sweet orange, and irifoliata, to determine to some extent the relative 

 merits of these slocks. Descriptions and illustrations are given of the Atamasco lily 

 {Zephyrardlu's atumasco) , sparkleberry { Vucdrmm arboreum) , and sumac {RJms cojxd- 

 lina), native plants believed by the author to be of value for ornamental purposes. 



Heating lemon orchards {Tradesman, 44 {1901), No. 12, p. 62). — This is an 

 account of an experiment with artificial heat for preventing damage from frost in a 

 large lemon orchard near Santa Paula in California. It is rej^orted that l)y means of 

 small coal fires in iron l^askets placed at different points in the orcliard the latter 

 was i)rotected from injury, although the normal temperature of the valley fell as low 

 as 22° and heavy frost was formed in fields surrounding the orchard. 



The artificial coloring of oranges, Pum and K. Micro {Ztschr. Vntcrsuch. Nahr. 

 u. Genussiidl., 3 {1900), No. 11, pp. 729-735, pis. 2, fig. 1). — From numerous experi- 

 ments the author shows that the artificial production of blood oranges nmst be very 

 limited. The chemical composition of the coloring matter of the juice of true blood 

 oranges was also studied. 



Report of the instructor in coffee culture, II. Newport {Queensland Dept. Agr. 

 Rpt. 1899-1900, ptp. 38-41).— A general discussion of coffee culture in Queensland. 



Liberian cofPee, its culture and preparation for market, V. Boutilly {Le 

 cafeier de Liberia, sa culture et sa maiiijniiatioti. Paris: Callamel, 1900, pp. VII-\-140). 



American tea gardens, actual and possible, Lenora B. Ellis {Amer. Mo. Rev. 

 of Rev., 23 {1901), No. 3, pp. 315-320, figs. ,v).— The article is based on the results 

 secured at Summervilie in South Carolina on the Pinehurst estate, an account of 

 which has been noted elsewhere (E. S. R., 11, p. 741). 



The influence of copper compounds on the phenomena of ripening, Ciiuard 

 and F. Fokchet {Rer. Vit., I4 (1900), p. 75; abs. in Aim. Agrov., 26 {1900), No. 11, 

 pp. 577, 578) . — Copper salts in solution were sprayed on currants to observe their 

 effects on the ripening of the fruit. The copper treatment increased regularly, but 

 only in a small way, the size of fruits and also their sugar content. This increase 

 did not exceed 1 to 2 per cent. 



