xviii CONTENTS 



Page 



PART V. SYNCHOROLOGY 

 CHAPTER XIV 



The Distribution of Communities 343 



Geographic Variants 343 



Division According to Altitude 344 



Topographic Arrangement of Units of Vegetation 345 



Altitudinal Zones 347 



Bounding the Zones of Vegetation 348 



Inversion of Zonation 348 



Community Complex 350 



Migrations of Plant Communities 350 



Origin of Communities 351 



Pioneer and Relict Communities 352 



Vegetation Territories 353 



Cartography 356 



Line Transects 357 



Belt Transects 357 



PART VI. SYSTEMATICS OF PHYTOSOCIOLOGY 



CHAPTER XV 



The Classification of Communities 361 



Physiognomic-ecologic Systems 361 



Floristic Systems 362 



Coefficients of Community 362 



Evaluation of the Characteristics of Communities 363 



1. Higher Community Units 363 



Alliance 363 



Order 364 



Class 365 



Circle of Vegetation 365 



2. Regional and Extraregional Units 366 



3. Taxonomy of Communities 367 



Sociological Progression 367 



4. Classification of Plant Communities According to Sociological 

 Progression 370 



5. Classification of the Communities of Higher Plants of Bas 

 Languedoc, France 372 



Bibliography 373 



Index 407 



