THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITIES 



331 



is first able to come in and its seedlings may abound on the moist 

 forest floor, whereas seedlings of P. montana rarely occur in this facies. 

 Not less than 32 flourishing seedlings of P. cemhra from 10 cm. to 5 m. 



Ftc;. 167. — Dense growth of young Pinus cemhra, in a pure stone pine forest at 1,800 m., 

 Swiss National Park. {Photo by Heller and Braun-Blanquet.) 



high have been found under the shelter of one old tree of P. montana 

 (Fig. 167). 1 



These results, significant for forestry and proving conclusively 

 that the climax community of the region is not the present P. montana 



1 In such studies it is important to determine accurately the number and 

 size of the tree seedlings. 



