MORPHOLOGICAL REVISION OF THE .SUBORDER. 147 



No. 4014 : The type is represented by a fragment of the pter^'goid showing teeth 

 (which is indetenninate, for the teeth on the pter^'goid var)' in size in different parts) 

 and by fragments of the spines and vertebrse. Direct comparison of the fragments 

 with like parts of No. 4060 show that that specimen belongs to the same species. The 

 type is so imperfect that the following description is taken entirely from No. 4060. 



The figure of the vertebral column (plate 32) very probably shows the natural 

 curvature, for many of the vertebrae are in connection and on mounting the specimen 

 for photographing they fell into the curves naturally. The position of the cervicals 

 is taken from A^. daviger, No. 4015 Am. Mus. The spines begin in the anterior dorsal 

 region to be inclined to the rear and in the lumbar region show a sharp bending 

 backwards. This is increased until the posterior lumbar spines are bent so sharply 

 back that they lie nearly parallel to the vertebral column and overarch the shortened 

 spines of the sacral and the anterior caudal vertebrae. That this peculiar character is 

 not due to accidental bending or crushing is evident, from i. The gradual appearance 

 of the curvature of the spines; 2. The fact that the spines show no evidence of 

 crushing or fracture ; 3. The fact that the same curvature occurs in two other 

 specimens of iV. dazn'ger, No. 4002 Am. Mus. and No. 4015 Am. Mus. 



The vertebrae are described in detail below. 



Theyfr^/ z'ertchra is represented by the centrum and a short portion of the spine ; 

 it may perhaps be the axis, but it seems more probable that both axis and atlas are miss- 

 ing, and that this is the third cervical. The centrum is flattened vertically with a 

 prominent ridge on the side from the base of the transverse process to the posterior 

 edge of the centrum. The anterior zygapophyses are very strong. The spine is weak, 

 and the end not clavate. 



The vertebra reckoned as the fourth cervical is very imperfect ; about half the 

 spine is preserved, showing a beginning of a distal expansion. 



Th&Jifth is represented by the centrum only. 



The sixth has the spine broken, but the distal end is broadly clavate with the 

 bases of broken processes near the apex. The sides of the clavate apex are marked 

 with shallow grooves, which indicate the course of nutrient vessels under a covering 

 of .skin. The first pair of processes on the spine is far up, nearly half-way to the apex. 

 The centrum is elongate without any keel on the bottom line. 



The seventh has a considerable portion of the spine attached to the centrum ; the 

 first pair of processes is nearer to the centrum than on the fifth, but is still far above it. 

 The upper portion of the spine is separated from the lower by a small break, but only 

 a very short piece is lost. The apex is flattened and broader than the fifth. The cen- 

 trum shows no sign of shortening nor is there any keel. The transverse process rises 

 from the side of the neural arch just below the anterior zygapophysis. 



The eighth cervical has lost the lower part of the centrum, but the zygapophyses 

 are well developed. The transverse process rises from just below the anterior zyga- 

 pophysis and extends straight out. The spine is complete. The base is somewhat 

 swollen just above the neural arch and slightly rugose; at the level of the first pair of 

 processes it is slightly thicker antero-posteriorly than transversely ; above the first 

 processes the section becomes oval with a groove on the anterior and posterior sides, 

 which extends half-way up the spine. There are five pairs of processes on the spine ; 

 the first pair curves out and downward and the ends are slightly expanded and rugose. 

 The second pair are opposite each other like the first, but above the pairs are slightly 

 displaced ; at the apex there is one odd process. The apex of the spine is clavate, but 



