GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. l6l 



Mountains, he says the Red Beds surround the mountains, lying nearly 

 horizontal, but having local but variable dips away from the mountains, 

 which were the old Permian land areas. 



Adams (1-3) observ'ed in the northwestern part of the Indian Territory 

 and in Eastern Oklahoma that the red color transgressed the strata diagon- 

 ally from the Pennsylvanian into the Permian. He saw no indication of 

 unconformability between the Pennsylvanian and the Permian, or between 

 other stratigraphic horizons. According to Taff: "If there is no uncon- 

 formity at the base of the 'Red Beds' north of the Canadian River, and if 

 Dr. Adams' observations concerning the color of the strata are correct, the 

 stratigraphic unconformity of the 'Red Beds' across the Arbuckle uplift is 

 local, though the uplift was profound and the erosion great from the begin- 

 ning of the uplift through a large part of the ' Red Beds' time." 



The Red Beds of northeastern Oklahoma are considered as definitely 

 Permian by Gould (95); the determination rests upon the evidence of 

 invertebrates as well as on the vertebrates, which are very similar to those 

 of the Illinois region. 



The bones from Cowley county, Kansas, are few in number and were 

 found below the surface in sinking a well. From the evidence of related 

 invertebrates these fossils were referred by Adams to the Garrison formation 

 which he places (3) just above the Cottonwood limestone. It includes in 

 its lower portion the Cottonwood shales as defined by Prosser, and regarded 

 by him as the uppermost series of the Upper Coal-measures, and in its 

 upper portion the Neosho formation, which Prosser regards as the lowermost 

 of the Permian. Haworth also places the Cottonwood limestone, on strati- 

 graphic evidence, at the top of the Upper Coal-measures. 



The rocks of Prince Edward Island and the adjacent portion of the 

 mainland of Nova Scotia have been regarded by the Canadian geologists, 

 without exception, as Permian. The discovery oi Bathygnathus boreal is and 

 its reference to a Dinosaur of Triassic age by Cope and Leidy compelled 

 the assumption of a small region of Triassic deposits, but the determination 

 of its true position shows that the whole region is Permian. 



No trace of the Pelycosauria has been found in North America above the 

 Permian; they seemingly became extinct at the end of that time, but it is 

 not beyond the bounds of possibility that remains may be found in the 

 Triassic similar to the Ctenosauriis and Ationiosaiirus from the Triassic of 

 Europe. 



