30 BULLETIN OF THE 



Soft parts with two spiral arms in the horizontal plane, with the apices 

 of the spires directed toward the concavity of the lower valve. Intestine 

 terminating between the lobes of the mantle on the ( ? right) side. 



The genus as described bv Retzius, was founded on several species 

 which he confounded together under the name of Crania Brattensburgensis. 

 Under this name he included the " Ostracites minimus . . . Numulus 

 Brattensburgensis dictus " of Stobaeus, the Anomia craniolaris of Linne, 

 and a recent species said to be from the Philippines, but probably the same 

 previously described by Miiller under the name of Patella anomala, from 

 the Scandinavian seas. 



The question now arises as to which of these shall be taken as the type 

 of the genus, and shall therefore retain the specific name given by Retzius. 

 With regard to this authors have differed, and the result has been a con- 

 fusion only equalled in the generic synonymy of this unfortunate group. 

 Most of them have transferred the C. Brattensburgensis of Retzius to the 

 synonymy of the recent species (C. personata Lam.), overlooking the fact 

 that Lamarck's name has not priority, and ignoring Midler's name en- 

 tirely, though it preceded that of Retzius. On the other hand, they have, 

 placed the JVumulus Brattensburgensis of Stobaeus in the synonymy of C. 

 nummulus Lam., with the Anomia craniolaris of Linne, which in its turn 

 is long pi'ior to that of Lamarck. This disregard of priority by the earlier 

 authors has always been a fruitful cause of confusion and annoyance to 

 subsequent students. As Retzius evidently had the species described by 

 Stobaeus in his mind as the species of which he supposed he was describ- 

 ing the recent form, I think that the only course left for us is to accept 

 Stobseus' species as the type. Schumacher, in his Essai (p. 102),"says that 

 Retzius had sent him specimens of the two species which he had 

 described, and that the C. Brattensburgensis Retz. was a fossil. Now 

 most, if not all, authors agree that Stobaeus' species was identical with 

 Anomia craniolaris of Linne, which is identified by Hanley and others 

 with the Crania nummulus of Lam., which of course becomes a synonyme. 

 Stobaeus was not a binomial author, and Linne's name being the first 

 binomial appellation, his specific name must stand. Lamarck, also, in 

 adopting the genus Crania (Prodrome, p. 83, 1799), took Anomia cranio- 

 laris as the type.* Schrbter, Gmelin, and Dillwyn, as well as Chemnitz, 

 continued to confound the recent and fossil species under the name of 

 craniolaris. Miiller, in 1776, was the first author to describe the European 

 form, under the name of Patella anomala, with a correct habitat, and it 

 afterwards received from Poli the specific name ofiurbinata, though not in 

 a binomial sense. 



* Woodward also adopts it as the type, and Davidson, under the specific name of 

 Brattensburgensis 



