MUSEUM OF COMPAPwATIVE ZOOLOGY. 31 



The synonymy of the type, according to these views, will stand as fol- 

 lows : — 



Crania craniolaris Lin. sp. 



Non-binomial synonymy. Ostracites 7ninimi(S parasiticus calvarium hominis utcun- 



que referens, numuhis Brattensburgensis dictus K. Stobjeus, Diss, epist. Act. 



Litt. et Sci. Svec. pp. 14-21, figs. 1, 2, 1731* (Retz., 1. c. p. 74, 1781). 



Opuscl., p. 31, t. 1, figs. 1, 2, 1752. 

 Anomites craniolaris Brattensburgensis Wahlb., Act. Ups., VIII, p. 60, 1821* 



(fide Bronx, Ind. Pal.). 

 Concha testa planiore orbiculata cranium humanum referente Linne, Fauna 



Svecica, p. 384, No. 1347, t. 2, fig. 1347, 1746 (a later edition is probably 



referred to in the Syst. Nat. 1. c.) 

 Ilelmintholithus (anomiie) craniolaris Linne, Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, III, p. 164, 



1768. 

 Ostracites minimus sive ostracites nwnismalis Becth, Jul. et Mont, subt., p. 



130, t. 7, No. 46, 1776. 

 Actual synonymy. Anomia craniolaris Linne, Fauna Svecica, 2150, fig. 2150, 



Ed. II, 1761. Syst. Nat., Ed. X, t. 1, p. 700, No. 183, 1760. Syst. Nat., 



Ed. XII, t. l,pt.II,p. 1150, No. 216, 1767. — Gmelin, Syst. Nat., t. 1, pt. 



VI, p. 3340, No. 1, 1792, partly (+ C. anomala + turbinata part).— 



Chemnitz, Conchyl. Cab., VIII, p. 72, t. 76, pars, 1785. — Dillwyn, 



Cat., I, p. 285, No. 1, 1817. — Hanley's Conchyl. Lin., p. 119, 1855. 

 Crania Brattensburgensis (pars) Retzius, Schrift. Berl. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, 



Band II, p. 73, 1781 (fig. excl?) (-f C. anomala part?). — Schumacher, 



Essai, p. 101, 1817. 

 Crania nummulus Lamarck, Hist. An. s. Vert., Ed. I, t. 6, p. 238, No. 2, 



1819. — Lamarck, Hist. An. s. Vert, Ed. II, t. 7, p. 299, No. 2, 1836. 



— ILeninghaus, Mon. Crania, p. 5, No. 5, figs. 5 a, b, c, 1828. — 



Deshayes, Enc. Meth. vers, II, C, p. 17, 1830, &c, &c. 

 Crania personata part, Lamarck, Hist. An. s. Vert., Ed. I, VI, p. 238, 1819. 



Not C. personata of Lamarck, Ed. II, VII, p. 299, 1836. 



This species is found fossil in Sweden, where Stobaeus and Linne 

 obtained their specimens, and the lower valves, furnishing a rude imita- 

 tion of a face stamped on a coin, were sufficiently common to obtain the 

 popular designation of Brattensburg money, or pennies. According to 

 Deshayes and Sowerby, it presents the peculiarity of being attached by 

 only a small portion of its lower valve. This, however, is a character of 

 slight importance. I have omitted all the other ostensible synonymes of 

 craniolaris Lin. and nummulus Lam., because I have not had the opportu- 

 nity of certainly identifying them, and therefore have preferred to retain 

 only those of which there was no doubt whatever. In order to render the 

 matter more clear and throw as much light as possible upon the subject, 

 I subjoin the synonymy of the second species described by Retzius. 



