1881.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 127 



foetus, it was questionable liow far the description wonld apply to 

 the adult animal. Nothing further was added to the above account 

 until, in 1844, Vrolik^ described the stomach of a half-grown indi- 

 vidual from drawings sent from the Cape of Good Hope. A few 

 years afterwards Peters,^ in his Travels, gives a short but valuable 

 account of the appearance that the viscera presented in the adult 

 animal. It will be seen, therefore, that the knowledge of the soft 

 parts of the Hippopotamus was very limited up to quite a recent 

 period. During 1867 there appeared the elaborate monograph of 

 Gratiolet^ on the anatom}^ of this animal, and the important 

 observations of Crisp. ^ Gratiolet's description was derived from 

 his dissection of the two A'oung animals, male and female, that 

 were born and had died in the Jardin des Plantes. Science 

 is indebted to Dr. Alix for the publication of this important 

 work, Gratiolet dying before its completion. This distinguished 

 anatomist had, however, before his death, communicated to the 

 Academic des Sciences,^ an abstract of his researches. A third 

 young Hippopotamus having died in Paris during the preparation 

 of the work just referred to, Dr. Alix had a further opportunity 

 of supplementing and confirming Gratiolet's A'iews. Dr. Crisp's 

 specimen was a male and about fourteen months old ; it was burnt 

 to death in the fire that destroyed the Crystal Palace in London, 

 and was the first Hippopotamus dissected in England. Dr. Crisp ^ 

 refers to Gratiolet's abstract in Annales des Sciences Naturelles 

 for 1860, but does not mention that in Comptes Rendus for 1860. 

 His observations were, therefore, uninfluenced by those of Gratiolet. 

 In 1872, Mr. J. W. Clark ^ published the " Notes on the Visceral 

 Anatom}" of the Hippopotamus " that died in the London Garden. 

 This animal was a female, and only a few days old. 



It is well known that in addition to the ordinary Hippopotamus, 

 there is a rarer species from the Western Coast of Africa, first 



' Amsterdam Verhandelingen, x, 1844, p. 240 ; Recherches sur la Baby- 

 russa. 



■^ Reise nach Mosambique, 1852, i, p. 180, 



^ Recherches sur I'anatomie de I'Hlppopotame. Paris, 1867. 



* On some points connected with the anatomy of the Hippopotamus. 

 Proc. of Lond. Zool. Soc, 1867, p. 601 and 689. 



5 Comptes Rendus, 1860, pp. 524, 593. 



« Op. cit., p. 601. 



' Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1872, p. 185. 



