132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1881. 



the two look like one when empty, and their distinctness does not 

 become evident until they are forcibly separated and opened. 

 The first stomacli is also connected laterally with the third and 

 fourth ones. These are about the same length, 7 inches, measured 

 from right to left. The third stomach communicated with the 

 fourth by a narrow aperture, which measured 3 inches in diameter. 

 In situ the second stomach was situated in the left hypochondriac 

 region ; the fourth stomach on the right ; the third stomach lying 

 between the third and fourth and in the same plane, and in front 

 and partially concealing the first stomach. 



The difierence in the four stomachs of the Hippopotamus viewed 

 internally are even more marked than those observed externally. 

 The smooth mucous membrane of the oesophagus contrasts strongly 

 with that of the first stomach, in which the mucous membrane 

 exhibits parallel folds or ridges. In the second stomach the ridges 

 are seen, but here they consist of rows of villi, averaging the ^ of 

 an inch in height ; the villi are not so closely set on the rows but 

 that they can be readil}' distinguished. The villi in the third stom- 

 ach, however, are densely packed and smaller than those of the 

 second stomach. In addition the mucous membrane is thrown into 

 eight large (the seventh divided into two) folds that run at right 

 angles to the long axis of the stomach. The mucous membrane of 

 the fourth stomach differed from that of the others in being the 

 only one containing the gastric glands ; according to Dr. Hunt, 

 these measure in length -^^^ of an inch, in breadth yi^ of an inch. 

 The food did not seem to be digested to any extent in the first three 

 stomachs, but lay as a sodden mass. In the fourth stomach, how- 

 ever, the food was softened, and its general appearance differed 

 from that of the other stomachs. As the animal died shortly after 

 eating, digestion had not been going on any length of time, so 

 that any great change in the food could not have taken place. In 

 the case of the male, the fourth stomach had been affected by dis- 

 ease and the food appeared almost unchanged. The small intestine 

 in the female measured TO feet, the large intestine 11 feet. There 

 were no valvulse conniventes in the small intestine but the mucous 

 membrane was villous and exhibited the Lieberkiihnian follicle and 

 the Peyer's patches in the lower two-thirds. There was no very 

 sharp line of demarkation between the small and large intestines, 

 the beginning of the latter being indicated by a slight enlarge- 

 ment. A small transverse fold was the only indication of an ileo- 



