388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1881. 



110 allusion to the two sets of openings,' so prominent in his 

 figures, but he apparently considers the upper openings as 

 belonging to " rounded arms, perforated in the centre." 



De Koninck and Lehon,in 1854, declared that both OUacrinus 

 and Gilbertsocrinus were synonyms of Bhodocrinus and ought to 

 be suppressed. 



In 1859, Lyon and Casseday described a new species of this 

 type from the upper Subcarboniferous rocks of Kentucky, and 

 proposed for its reception the genus Goniasteroidocrimis, which 

 is in every essential respect similar to the forms figured by 

 Cumberland and Phillips, with the exception perhaps, that the 

 upper sets of supposed arm openings, instead of being located 

 directly above the ray, as seems to be the case in some of the 

 British specimens, as figured, are situated " midway between the 

 primary radials " or interradiall}-. Their species — the well-known 

 G. tuberosus — was found in excellent preservation, with all the 

 appendages attached, and a good figure of it may be seen in the 

 Greol. Rep. 111., ii, p. 220. Lyon and Casseday took the upper and 

 larger appendages to be arms, five in number, and below and 

 between these, in the " interradial fields," as the}^ say, they found 

 clusters of from five to seven " long, pendulous cilia," bearing 

 delicate pinnules. These " cilia " they afterwards refer with a 

 query to arms. 



A year later. Hall, without any reference to the above descrip- 

 tions, described under the new generic name Trematocrinus a 

 number of species from the Subcarboniferous of the West, of 

 undoubted generic identity with Lyon's species. He, too, con- 

 sidered the interradial appendages to be arms, though he doubted 

 if they could have performed the functions of ordinary arms, 

 and the foramina above the secondary radials he supposed to be 

 openings for fleshy arms or tentacles, not having seen in his 

 specimens any indications of solid arms or even articulating 

 plates. Soon afterwards, however. Hall described from the 

 Devonian of New York his Trematocr. spinigerus (15th Rep. 

 N. Y. St. Cab., p. 128), which has the interradial appendages from 

 the vault, and also long arms like Bhodocrinus from the radial 

 or arabulacral openings. He called the former " summit arms," 

 and the latter " true arms." 



In the second volume of the 111. Geol. Rep., Meek and Worthen 



' Attention was first called to these by Billings, Decade ill, Geol. Surv. Can. 



