CERVUS RANGIFER. SS 



Geogr. Dish. \'ancouver Island, coast ranges of Washington 

 and Oregon to northwestern California. 



(i<n/. Cliar. Size large; in winter pelage, head, neck and legs 

 black. 



Color. Summer Pelagf. Not perceptibly different from the 

 i^ocky Mountain or eastern Wapiti. 



Winter Pe/iigc. Head and neck more or less black; especially on 

 the face and on median line of neck, rest brown; the extent of black 

 varies greatly among individuals: back and side grayish brown; dor- 

 sal line dusky: breast and belly reddish chestnut; legs and feet black; 

 black on inner side of thigh curving outward on lower side of rump 

 patch, which is large and buffy fulvous. 



.\/t-iisi/rt-Mi-/i/s. Total length, 2490: tail, 80: ears, 225: antlers 

 trom tip to tip, 990-1130: circumference of burr, 266-370. 



2S. Haiiffif*''-. 



I. °=^; C. "^i P. i-'i M. i-^ = 34. 

 4—4 0-0' i-y 3-3 -'^ 



Rangifer. H. Smith, Griff. Anim. King., v, 1.S27, p. 304. Type >?. 

 /iiroiu/us. Linn. 

 Lateral metacarpals represented only by the lower extremities. 

 Both sexes bearing antlers; brow tines palmated, compressed later- 

 ally, advancing over middle of face and rarely symmetrical; a second 

 or bez tine above the brow tine, also palmated; about midway its 

 length the beams beud forward, and here, posteriorly, is a small tine, 

 and the beam ends in a large palmation with numerous points. Ant- 

 lers of female much smaller, lighter and simpler. Muzzle entirely 

 hairy; ears and tail short: mane on neck. Tarsal gland present, meta- 

 tarsal absent. No upper canines. Hoofs deeply cleft. 



51. caribou. {Crmts), Gmel. Syst. Nat., i, 1788, p. 177. 



Idramhis sy/restris. Rich. Faun. Bor. .\mer. , 1829. p 250. 



ha.<:/ii/is, .\gass. Sillim. Jour . 1847. p. 436. 



Tyf't- locality. Boreal eastern North America. 



Geo,^r. Pistr. Labrador, Lower Canada, south to Nova Scotia, 

 New Brimswick and Maine in the east: west through the districts 

 north of Quebec and Lake Superior to Montana and British Colum- 

 bia, in forest lands. 



Gen/. Char. Size large: antlers stout, flat, palmation very con- 

 siderable; one brow tine usually simple. Colors dark on body and 

 limbs: no light ring around eye. 



Color. Summer Pela^^e. Rump, tail, underparts and inside legs 

 p\ire white; outside of legs dark brown: head, neck and remaining 

 p;irts clove brown, sometimes reddish; black patch on cheek and 



