I. WORK IN THE HOPEWELL MOUND GROUP 



Relation of the Hopewell Group to Other Mound Groups. — 

 The archaeological map of the State of Ohio presents 5,396 mounds, 

 village sites, enclosures, fortifications, etc. This map was begun by 

 me about 1894, but was brought to completion by Professor Mills in 

 1 91 4. There are about 992 of these ancient monuments in the Scioto 

 Valley. Further reducing our number to the earthworks, enclosures or 

 mound groups lying in the main Scioto Valley and not ascending trib- 

 utary streams into the uplands, where the Fort Ancient culture obtains, 

 there probably are two hundred or more groups of ancient structures of 

 earth varying from a few to many mounds. Finally, narrowing the total 

 to larger sites such as the Hopewell on the North Fork of Paint Creek, 

 there are some large groups above and below the city of Chillicothe 

 on the main Scioto, and a group at Circleville, which was destroyed 

 at the time that town was built; also some between Chillicothe and 

 Portsmouth. These mound groups represent the culture which Pro- 

 fessor Putnam seems to have sensed to some degree in his early work 

 in the Ohio Valley. Squier and Davis consider it quite different from 

 that of the later Indians. The work at Fort Ancient and Hopewell 

 emphasized the difference between these two cultures, and finally 

 Professor Mills gave the cultures concrete terms, "Fort Ancient and 

 Hopewell." 



Detailed Description of the Hopewell Group. — The first 

 mention of the Hopewell group is made in Caleb At water's "Archae- 

 ologia Americana" (1820). This and other accounts will be found in 

 the bibliography, which appears as an appendix to my report. Atwater 

 was a resident of Circleville, Ohio, for many years. I made inquiry in 

 1892 among the older residents of Circleville, one or two of whom 

 remembered him; but nothing concerning his work could be learned, 

 except that he spent considerable time examining the mounds. In his 

 map he omits a number of mounds, but presents a circle enclosing six 

 large mounds, which were shown on my first map as the Effigy, but 

 which we now call Mound 25. Atwater speaks of this Mound 25 as 35 

 feet high and 400 feet at the base (longest diameter). Squier and 

 Davis mention seven mounds surrounded by this circle, three of which 

 constituted Number 25. Of these three (joined together) they stated 

 the elevation as 33 feet, the length as 500 feet, the width as 180 feet. 



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