Mounds Nos. 5, 11, and 25 103 



No. 2 were of this material, but this was the only complete nodule 

 found during the exploration of the Hopewell group. 



Mound No. 11 — This mound was not explored, as it was in the 

 yard of Mr. Beard, tenant of the Hopewell estate, and he requested that 

 there be no disturbance of his lawn. 



Excavation of Mound No. 25. — It was well toward the middle of 

 October when we completed the exploration of Mound No. 23 and filled 

 the excavation. I find in the field-notes that the owner, Mr. M. C. 

 Hopewell, was exceedingly kind and courteous. Our teams dropped 

 earth about his clover fields and destroyed crops, yet he entered no 

 complaint. It had been stated by one or two archaeologists and, I 

 believe, by a geologist as well, that Mound No. 25 was too large to 

 have been the work of human hands. When Dr. Wilson visited our 

 camp for the first time, we discussed whether it should be explored. 

 At Dr. Wilson's request, a large shaft was sunk in the centre of the 

 mound. In his report he states that it was 6 feet deep; but, as I recall 

 it, it was about 10 feet deep. At the bottom of the shaft we found 

 charcoal and ashes, proving that the elevation was artificial. 



It is very easy in these days of liberal appropriations for field opera- 

 tions to negotiate the examination of large mounds, but up until the 

 time of the Hopewell survey no mound more extensive than No. 23 

 had been fully excavated by any one. In fact, more actual work was 

 done on the twenty-two mounds of the group than has since been 

 applied elsewhere by other observers. This does not imply that single 

 tumuli, or even several of them, have not been trenched and hand- 

 troweled more extensively. On the contrary, Mr. C. B. Moore's work 

 in the south and much of Professor W. C. Mills' labors in Ohio were 

 carried out more slowly and in greater detail. 



While the men were leveling Mound No. 23 and excavating Mounds 

 3, 9, and 5, the teams were put to work on Mound 25. The larger 

 end, which was 23 feet high, lay to the east. Plate XLVII is a copy 

 of the original outline map prepared by Dr. Wilson and Clinton Cowen, 

 after exploration. The only change I have made is to call the elevation 

 of section 1, 23 feet. This is exact, and was obtained by measuring 

 from the bottom of our trench to the highest point. In view of the heavy 

 expense involved and the uncertainty as to what the mound might con- 

 tain, it was decided to work No. 25 in sections or trenches, beginning 

 at the eastern end. After running the first trench, we would skip the 

 next sector (7) and trench 2, omit the next, and take 4. In this way we 

 would be able to determine the character of the mound and not expend 

 money without results. After completing trench 4, which was some 



