126 



Hopewell Mound Group 



Plate LXX, No. 5, is almost hatchet-like in form. At first it suggests 

 the spatulate forms in slate and granite found in Wisconsin and Tennes- 

 see, but it clearly shows three small perforations which indicate that it 

 was fastened flat to some surface. It seems to me, in studying these 

 problematical forms of sheet copper, that the perforations are of primary 

 importance. Nearly all of them contain these minute holes for rivets 

 or pins, which would seem to indicate that they were either fastened to 

 wooden bases or upon garments. In No. 5 we have a- broken object of 



the same form as Fig. 18. No. 3 on 

 Plate LXX is a small copper oval 

 with two perforations. No. 4 on 

 the same Plate is an imitation 

 bear's tooth in copper. 



A number of copper head-dresses 

 were found, all, but two of which 

 were in fragmentary condition. The 

 antlers (described above) found at 

 the head of skeleton 248 are shown 

 in Plate XLIX. It is well in 

 this connection to reproduce some 

 designs from bone and stone, as 

 well as copper. Fig. 196 is taken 

 from the Cincinnati tablet, a from a 

 sheet-copper design of the Hopewell 

 group. These two designs, found 

 about go miles apart in mounds sur- 

 rounded by earthworks, suggest the 

 earthwork symbol. In some Hope- 

 well designs we have the circle or 

 symbolic eye in the centre sur- 

 rounded by the square earthwork. 

 Willoughby says of this, "The indentations or spaces in the human ser- 

 pent head of the Cincinnati tablet are represented in the copper design 

 by the seven notches above and below, as shown in the illustration." 



Figs. 20 and 2 1 show how the copper head-dress was worn. In the 

 former Willoughby 's drawing taken from one of the bone objects found 

 with a skeleton in Mound 25 is reproduced. In the latter he has taken 

 the design apart in order that it may be conveniently studied. Plate 

 LXXI shows a head-dress, or rather a curved cap or helmet of copper 

 which was found at the head of skeleton 243. It is fragmentary, but 

 was probably 16 cm long and 10.5 cm wide. It has short horns, and 



Fig. 18. 



Problematical Form in 



Sheet Copper. 



