140 



Hopewell Mound Group 



have been done from both sides with the holes meeting in the centre. 

 Usually the inner hole is at only a slight angle, which shows that the 

 drill must have been small, probably made of meteoric iron. Two rings 

 formed of a soft slate or similar substance, one of which is shown in 

 Plate LXXVII, No. 4, possibly cannel coal, are unsymmetrical, and 

 evidently were worked out by hand. These rings are perforated by 

 four pairs of holes placed opposite each other." 



Plate LXXVII, No. 4, shows a ring, or rather band, without flanges. 

 It seems to be made from graphitic slate. It has four pairs of holes. 



Pipes. — About forty pipes were taken from the 

 Hopewell mounds, although some of these are frag- 

 mentary. The prevailing form is that of the monitor 

 or platform pipe common in the Ohio mounds. 

 This needs no description. An angular-shaped pipe 

 of soapstone was, however, found in one of the 

 ash-pits. The materials used for the monitor pipes 

 are fine grained sandstone, graphitic slate, a marly 

 limestone, or a hard clay stone. One or two 

 specimens were made from a stone quite similar to 

 catlinite. Mills 1 calls this material Ohio pipestone, 

 and gives an analysis. The color of some of the 

 pipes had been changed to a deep brownish black 

 by smoking. Four nearly identical pipes were found 

 in Mound 25. They vary in length between 10 and 

 11 cm and in width between 4 and 5 cm. The 

 bowls are 3-3.5 cm high. 



Plate LXXVII I, No. 1, shows a very fine pipe 

 of hard black stone. A series of small holes encircle 

 the bowl a short distance below the rim; 4 mm 

 below these is a corresponding series of small 

 projections. On the body of the pipe con- 

 ventionalized roseate spoon-bill heads are carved 

 in pairs. The finest pipe in the entire collection is shown in Plate 

 LXXVIII, No. 2. It was found in Altar 2. Although the technique of 

 this pipe is not quite equal to that of some others, it ranks as one of the 

 best examples of aboriginal carving from the mounds Of the Mississippi 

 basin. The two effigies have been carved from a solid piece of fire clay, 

 and great skill was necessary to preserve the proportions and to carve 

 out the narrow space between the end of the bill and the head of the 



Fig. 35. 

 Bear's Tooth 

 Carved from 

 Stone from 



Altair 2. 



Certain Mounds and Village Sites in Ohio, Vol. I, p. 132 (Columbus, 1917). 



